Invariant part of class groups and distribution of relative class group (Q6928051)

\noindent Let \(K\) be a number field and denote by \(\mathcal{P}_K\) the set of all finite primes of \(K\), and by \(\text{Cl}_K\) the class group of \(K\). For a rational prime \(p\) denote the \(p\)-rank of \(\text{Cl}_K\) by \(\text{rk}_p\hspace{.1em} \text{Cl}_K\). For an extension of number fields \(L/K\) and each \(\mathfrak{p}\in \mathcal{P}_K\) let \\N\[\Ne(\mathfrak{p}, L/K):=\text{gcd}(e(\mathfrak{P}/\mathfrak{p}))_{\mathfrak{P}\mid \mathfrak{p}}\\N\]\Nwhere \(\mathfrak{P}\) runs over primes of \(L\) above \(\mathfrak{p}\). The author of the present paper proves the following theorem which generalizes a result of \textit{P. Roquette} and \textit{H. Zassenhaus} [J. Lond. Math. Soc. 44, 31--38 (1969; Zbl 0169.38001)] in the sense that the base field \(K\) is not necessarily \(\mathbb{Q}\).\N\NTheorem 1.9. Fix a rational prime \(p\). Let \(L/K\) be a finite extension of number fields with Galois closure \(N/K\). Denote \([N:K]\) by \(n\). We have \\N\[\N\text{rk}_p\hspace{.1em}\text{Cl}_L\geq \#\{\mathfrak{p}\in \mathcal{P}_K \mid e(\mathfrak{p},L/K)\equiv 0\bmod p\}-n^2.\\N\]\NUsing Theorem 1.9 the author obtains the following ``zero probability'' and ``infinite moment'' results. In their statements, \(\mathcal{E}\) is a countable set with counting function \(C:\mathcal{E}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\), \\N\[\NN_C(\mathcal{E}, X):=\#\{M\in \mathcal{E} \mid C(M)<X\},\\N\]\Nand for a finite abelian group \(A_M\) associated with \(M\), and each non-negative integer \(r\), \\N\[\N\mathbb{P}_{C,\mathcal{E}}(\text{rk}_p\hspace{.1em}A_M\leq r):=\lim_{X\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\#\{M\in \mathcal{E} \mid C(M)<X\ \text{and}\ \text{rk}_p\hspace{.1em}A_M\leq r \}}{N_C(\mathcal{E},X)}\\N\]\Nand \\N\[\N\mathbb{E}_{C,\mathcal{E}}(|\text{Hom}(A_M, C_p)|):=\lim_{X\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\sum_{\substack{M\in \mathcal{E}\\\NC(M)<X}}|\text{Hom}(A_M, C_p)|}{N_C(\mathcal{E},X)}.\\N\]\NFor an abelian group \(G\) denote the set of abelian \(G\)-extensions of \(K\) by \(\mathcal{E}(G,K)\). If \(L\in \mathcal{E}(G,K)\) denote by \(\text{Cl}(L/K)\) the relative class group of \(L/K\).\N\NTheorem 1.10. Let \(K\) be a fixed number field. For each finite Galois extension \(L/K\), define \(C(L/K):=\mathfrak{N}(\sqrt{\mathfrak{d}_{L/K}})\), where \(\mathfrak{d}\) is the relative discriminant, \(\sqrt{}\) is the radical, and \(\mathfrak{N}\) is the absolute norm. Let \(G\) be a finite abelian group, and set \(\mathcal{E} :=\mathcal{E}(G,K)\). For each \(p\mid |G|\), and for each non-negative integer \(r\), we have \\N\[\N\mathbb{P}_{C,\mathcal{E}}(\text{rk}_p\hspace{.1em}\text{Cl}(L/K)\leq r)=0.\\N\]\NIn addition we have \\N\[\N\mathbb{E}_{C,\mathcal{E}}(|\text{Hom}(\text{Cl}(L/K), C_p)|)=+\infty.\\N\]\NCall \(L\) a sextic \(A_4\)-field if and only if \([L:\mathbb{Q}]=6\) and the Galois closure \(\hat{L}\) is an \(A_4\)-field.\N\NTheorem 1.11. Let \(\mathcal{E}\) be the set of sextic \(A_4\)-fields, and \(d\) the absolute discriminant. For each non-negative integer \(r\), we have that \\N\[\N\mathbb{P}_{d,\mathcal{E}}(\text{rk}_2\hspace{.1em}\text{Cl}_L\leq r)=0.\\N\]\NMoreover, we have \\N\[\N\mathbb{E}_{d,\mathcal{E}}(|\text{Hom}(\text{Cl}_L, C_2)|)=+\infty.\\N\]\NTheorem 1.12. Let \(\mathcal{E}\) be the set of non-Galois cubic fields. For each \(K_3\in \mathcal{E}\), let \(K_6\) be its Galois closure with a unique quadratic subfield \(K_2\). Fix an integer \(n\geq 2\). Define the counting function \(C\) by \\N\[\NC(K_3):=d_{K_3}d^n_{K_2},\\N\]\Nwhere \(d\) is the absolute discriminant. For each non-negative integer \(r\), we have \\N\[\N\mathbb{P}_{C,\mathcal{E}}(\text{rk}_3\hspace{.1em}\text{Cl}_{K_3}\leq r)=0.\\N\]\NMoreover, we have \\N\[\N\mathbb{E}_{C,\mathcal{E}}(|\text{Hom}(\text{Cl}_{K_3}, C_3)|)=+\infty.\\N\]