One-sided operators on ball Banach function spaces (Q6936014)

The main result of the paper under review is the extension of the boundedness of one-sided operators to the ball Banach function spaces. The main result yields the boundedness of one-sided singular integral operators and one-sided martingale transforms on the ball Banach function spaces. The author also obtains a Coifman-type inequality for one-sided singular integral operators on the ball Banach function spaces. A concrete example of ball Banach function spaces for the main results is given, namely, the one-sided Herz spaces with variable exponents.\N\NThe ball Banach function spaces were introduced in [\textit{Y. Sawano} et al., Diss. Math. 525, 102 p. (2017; Zbl 1392.42021)]. They include several function spaces in harmonic analysis, such as weighted Lebesgue spaces, Orlicz spaces, and Lebesgue spaces with variable exponents [\textit{D. V. Cruz-Uribe} and \textit{A. Fiorenza}, Variable Lebesgue spaces. Foundations and harmonic analysis. New York, NY: Birkhäuser/Springer (2013; Zbl 1268.46002); \textit{L. Diening} et al., Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces with variable exponents. Berlin: Springer (2011; Zbl 1222.46002)], Herz spaces [\textit{C. S. Herz}, J. Math. Mech. 18, 283--323 (1968; Zbl 0177.15701)] and Morrey spaces [\textit{C. B. Morrey jun.}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 43, 126--166 (1938; JFM 64.0460.02); \textit{Y. Sawano} et al., Morrey spaces. Introduction and applications to integral operators and PDE's. Volume I. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (2020; Zbl 1482.42002)]. Therefore, the family of ball Banach function spaces provides a unified framework for the study of function spaces. There are many results and applications of ball Banach function spaces on harmonic analysis and partial differential equations, such as the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula, the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities, the Brezis-Van Schaftingen-Yung formula, and the boundedness of bilinear operators, [\textit{D.-C. Chang} et al., Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 14, No. 3, Paper No. 40, 33 p. (2020; Zbl 1439.42026); \textit{F. Dai} et al., Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 62, No. 2, Paper No. 56, 73 p. (2023; Zbl 1514.46025); \textit{F. Dai} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 283, No. 9, Article ID 109645, 52 p. (2022; Zbl 1504.46049); \textit{F. Dai} et al., Math. Ann. 388, No. 2, 1691--1768 (2024; Zbl 1544.46028); \textit{K.-P. Ho}, Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 58, No. 3, 551--577 (2022; Zbl 1502.42011); \textit{K.-P. Ho}, Anal. Math. Phys. 13, No. 5, Paper No. 67, 22 p. (2023; Zbl 1539.42018); \textit{K.-P. Ho}, J. Geom. Anal. 34, No. 11, Paper No. 337, 26 p. (2024; Zbl 1547.42029); \textit{L. Huang} et al., Appl. Anal. 101, No. 11, 3825--3840 (2022; Zbl 1502.42006); \textit{M. Izuki} et al., J. Inequal. Appl. 2019, Paper No. 268, 11 p. (2019; Zbl 1499.42095); \textit{X. Lin} et al., Constr. Approx. 61, No. 1, 1--61 (2025; Zbl 1562.42023); \textit{Y. Sawano} et al., Diss. Math. 525, 102 p. (2017; Zbl 1392.42021); \textit{M. Tang} et al., J. Geom. Anal. 35, No. 5, Paper No. 150, 74 p. (2025; Zbl 1573.46040); \textit{J. Tao} et al., Potential Anal. 58, No. 4, 645--679 (2023; Zbl 1543.47080); \textit{X. Yan} et al., Front. Math. China 15, No. 4, 769--806 (2020; Zbl 1455.42013); \textit{Y. Zhang} et al., Sci. China, Math. 64, No. 9, 2007--2064 (2021; Zbl 1476.42017)].\N\NOne-sided operators include one-sided maximal operators, one-sided singular integral operators, the Riemann-Liouville integral, the Weyl integral, and one-sided martingale transforms. Thus, one-sided maximal operators are members of the family of one-sided operators. The one-sided operators originated from \textit{G. H. Hardy} and \textit{J. E. Littlewood} in [Acta Math. 54, 81--116 (1930; JFM 56.0264.02)] where they introduced the one-sided maximal operator. The introduction of the one-sided maximal operator inspires a huge number of research on the one-sided operators, for example [\textit{K. F. Andersen} and \textit{E. T. Sawyer}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 308, No. 2, 547--558 (1988; Zbl 0664.26002); \textit{R. Chill} and \textit{S. Król}, Stud. Math. 243, No. 2, 171--206 (2018; Zbl 1398.42010); \textit{D. E. Edmunds} et al., Proc. A. Razmadze Math. Inst. 144, 126--131 (2007; Zbl 1284.42054); \textit{V. Kokilashvili} and \textit{A. Meskhi}, Z. Anal. Anwend. 37, No. 3, 277--297 (2018; Zbl 1395.42033); \textit{M. Lorente} et al., J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 11, No. 5, 497--509 (2005; Zbl 1096.42006); \textit{M. Lorente} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 529, No. 2, Article ID 126943, 18 p. (2024; Zbl 1526.42031); \textit{F. J. Martin-Reyes} and \textit{E. Sawyer}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 106, No. 3, 727--733 (1989; Zbl 0704.42018); \textit{F. J. Martín-Reyes} et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 319, No. 2, 517--534 (1990; Zbl 0696.42013); \textit{F. J. Martín-Reyes}, in: Nonlinear analysis, function spaces and applications. Vol. 5. Proceedings of the spring school held in Prague, May 23-28, 1994. Prague: Prometheus Publishing House. 103--137 (1994; Zbl 0870.47021); \textit{F. J. Martín-Reyes} and \textit{A. de la Torre}, Stud. Math. 122, No. 1, 1--14 (1997; Zbl 0866.42012); \textit{A. Nekvinda}, Math. Inequal. Appl. 13, No. 4, Article ID 64, 887--897 (2010; Zbl 1213.46027); \textit{M. S. Riveros} and \textit{R. E. Vidal}, Math. Inequal. Appl. 18, No. 3, 1087--1109 (2015; Zbl 1321.42033); \textit{E. Sawyer}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 297, 53--61 (1986; Zbl 0627.42009)]. The study of one-sided operators has applications to partial differential equations [\textit{R. Chill} and \textit{A. Fiorenza}, J. Evol. Equ. 14, No. 4--5, 795--828 (2014; Zbl 1312.42017)]. It also has applications in ergodic theory [\textit{G. Cohen} et al., Stud. Math. 196, No. 3, 251--263 (2010; Zbl 1193.47018); \textit{C. Cabrelli} (ed.) and \textit{J. L. Torrea} (ed.), Recent developments in real and harmonic analysis. In honor of Carlos Segovia. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser (2010; Zbl 1182.42001)] and probability theory [\textit{W. Chen} et al., Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 148, No. 1, 235--245 (2020; Zbl 1429.42014)].\N\NIn order to obtain boundedness of the one-sided operators in the ball Banach function spaces, the author extends the Rubio de Francia extrapolation theory to the setting of the one-sided operators. The Rubio de Francia extrapolation theory was obtained by \textit{J. L. Rubio de Francia} in [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 7, 393--395 (1982; Zbl 0491.42020); Proc. Semin. Torino and Milano 1982, Vol. II, 571--579 (1983; Zbl 0536.42016); Am. J. Math. 106, 533--547 (1984; Zbl 0558.42012)], and it was developed to study operators related to the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and Muckenhoupt weights. The author extends it to the setting of one-sided maximal operators and one-sided Muckenhoupt weights. Additionally, as special cases of the main results, he applies them to obtain the boundedness of the one-sided singular integral operators and the one-sided martingale transforms on the ball Banach function spaces. It is important to observe that the Rubio de Francia extrapolation theory on the setting for the one-sided operator not only applies to studying the boundedness of operators, but also applies to inequalities. Therefore, he can also establish Coifman inequalities for one-sided maximal operators and one-sided singular integral operators on the ball Banach function spaces.\N\NThe extrapolation theory obtained in this paper relies on the boundedness of the one-sided maximal operators instead of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function. The Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is not bounded on the one-sided Herz spaces with variable exponents, while the one-sided maximal operator is bounded. One-sided Herz spaces with variable exponents are Herz spaces with variable exponents [\textit{A. Almeida} and \textit{D. Drihem}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 394, No. 2, 781--795 (2012; Zbl 1250.42077)] in the one-sided setting. Therefore, the original Rubio de Francia extrapolation theory cannot be applied to the one-sided Herz spaces with variable exponents, as it requires the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function, but his result can be applied.