Injective envelopes and (Gorenstein) flat covers. (Q694574)

If \(R\) is an associative ring with identity and \(n\) is a positive integer, a module \(M\in\text{Mod\,}R\) is called \(n\)-cotorsion (resp. \(n\)-Gorenstein cotorsion) if \(\text{Ext}_R^1(X,M)=0\) for all \(X\in\text{Mod\,}R\) with flat dimension (resp. Gorenstein flat dimension) \(\leq n\). If \(M\) is \(n\)-Gorenstein cotorsion \(\forall n\), it is said to be strongly Gorenstein cotorsion. A module \(N\) in \(\text{Mod\,}R\) is called \(n\)-torsionfree (resp. \(n\)-Gorenstein torsionfree) if \(\text{Tor}_1^R(N,X)=0\) for all \(X\in\text{Mod\,}R\) with flat dimension (resp. Gorenstein flat dimension) \(\leq n\); \(N\) is called strongly Gorenstein torsionfree if it is \(n\)-Gorenstein torsion free \(\forall n\). Let \(\mathbb Z\) denote the set of integers and \(\mathbb Q\) the set of rationals. The notation \((-)^+\) is used for \(\Hom_{\mathbb Z}(-,\mathbb{Q/Z})\) and if \(_SU_R\) is a given \((S,R)\)-bimodule, \((-)^*\) is used for \(\Hom(-,{_SU_R})\). For a subcategory \(\mathcal X\) of \(\text{Mod\,}S\) (or \(\text{Mod\,}R^{op}\)), the notation \(\mathcal X^*\) means \(\{X^*\mid X\in\mathcal X\}\). For a subcategory \(C\) of \(\text{Mod\,}S\) and \(D\) of \(\text{Mod\,}R^{op}\) such that \(C^*\subseteq D\) and \(D^*\subseteq C\), the following duality is found: If \(f\colon A\to C\) is a pre-envelope of a module \(A\) in \(\text{Mod\,}S\), then \(f^*\colon C^*\to A\) is a \(D\)-precover of \(A^*\) in \(\text{Mod\,}R^{op}\). This result is used to establish a similar duality between a pre-envelope \(f\colon A\to C\) in \(\text{Mod\,}R\) and a \(D\)-precover \(f^+\colon C^+\to A^+\) in \(\text{Mod\,}R^{op}\), for the case where \(C^+\subseteq D\) and \(D^+\subseteq C\). Left coherent rings are characterized as those for which a monomorphism \(f\colon A\to E\) in \(\text{Mod\,}R\) being an absolutely pure (or injective) pre-envelope of \(A\), will imply the epimorphism \(f^+\colon E\to A^+\) being a flat precover of \(A^+\) in \(\text{Mod\,}R^{op}\). Left Noetherian rings are characterized as those where the converse implication is valid, too. Let \(R\) be a left and right Noetherian ring and denote the injective envelope (resp. flat cover) of \(M\in\text{Mod\,}R\) by \(E^0(M)\) and \(F_0(M)\), respectively; let \(\text{id}_RM\) be the injective dimension of \(M\) and \(\text{fd}_RM\) the flat dimension. The equality \[ \begin{aligned}\text{fd}_RE^0(_RR)&=\sup\{\text{fd}_RE^0(F)\mid F\in\text{Mod\,}R\text{ is flat}\}\\&=\sup\{\text{fd}_R E^0(G)\mid G\in\text{Mod\,}R\text{ is Gorenstein flat}\}\end{aligned} \] is proved and utilized to find several equivalences for \(E^0(_RR)\) to be Gorenstein flat (resp. flat). These equivalences include: \(E^0(_RR)\) is (Gorenstein) flat if and only if the injective envelope of every flat left \(R\)-module is (Gorenstein) flat, if and only if the (Gorenstein) flat cover of every injective left \(R\)-module is injective, if and only if the opposite versions of these conditions are satisfied.