Equivalence between the Osserman condition and the Rakić duality principle in dimension 4 (Q694778)

A Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is pointwise Osserman if the eigenvalues of the Jacobi operator \(\mathcal{J}(x)=R(\cdot ,x)x\) do not depend on the unit vector \(x\in T_pM\), for every point \(p\in M\). It is said to satisfy the Rakić duality principle if for every point \(p\in M\) and for any unit vectors \(x,y\in T_pM\): \[ \mathcal{J}(x)y=\lambda y\implies\mathcal{J}(y)x=\lambda x, \] where \(\lambda\) is a real number. In this note, the authors show that 4-dimensional Riemannian manifolds which satisfy the Rakić duality principle are pointwise Osserman. The converse was established by \textit{Z. Rakić} [Linear Algebra Appl. 296, No. 1--3, 183--189 (1999; Zbl 0961.53020)]. The result is proved by showing that any 4-dimensional model that satisfies the Rakić duality principle is Einstein and either self-dual or anti-self-dual. The result then follows from the well-known characterization of Osserman models in dimension four given by \textit{P. Gilkey} et al. [Quart. J. Math. Oxford 46, No. 183, 299--320 (1995; Zbl 0848.53023)].