A note on inequalities for Gaussian hypergeometric functions (Q6948878)

The authors establish new Landen-type inequalities for Gaussian hypergeometric functions \(F(a, b ; c ; x)\) that are not zero-balanced, i.e., \(c \neq a+b\). Building on earlier work of \textit{S. Simić} and \textit{M. Vuorinen} [Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2012, Article ID 932061, 11 p. (2012; Zbl 1241.26021)] and \textit{Á. Baricz} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 142, No. 9, 3059--3066 (2014; Zbl 1309.26020)], they derive inequalities of the form\N\[\NF(a, b ; c ; x) \lessgtr\left(1-\frac{x}{2}\right)^{-1} F\left(a, b ; c ; \frac{x^2}{(2-x)^2}\right), \quad x \in(0,1),\N\]\Nand\N\[\NF\left(a, b ; c ; x^2\right) \lessgtr(1+x)^{-2 a} F\left(a, b ; c ; \frac{4 x}{(1+x)^2}\right), \quad x \in(0,1) ,\N\]\Nwhich hold under explicit conditions on the parameters \(a, b, c>0\). Their method relies on the classical monotonicity lemma of \textit{M. Biernacki} and \textit{J. Krzyz} [Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sect. A 9, 135--147 (1957; Zbl 0078.26402)] for quotients of power series, applied in conjunction with known hypergeometric identities.\N\NThe paper also clarifies a minor oversight in earlier literature by showing that the assumption \(a, b, c>0\) is essential, rather than merely \(a, b, c \in \mathbb{R}\). Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the sharpness of the results.