Delocalization of slowly damped eigenmodes on Anosov manifolds (Q694996)

This paper studies the distributions of eigenmodes and related eigenvalues, of the Laplace Beltrami operator pertubed by a damping term on a compact Riemannian manifold with an Anosov geodesic flow. Semiclassically, this means one is considering the operator \( {\mathcal P}(\hbar,z) := - \hbar^2 \Delta/2 - i \hbar (2 z)^{1/2} V (x) \), with \( V \geq 0 \) smooth, which arises naturally in the study of the damped wave equation. The damped eigenmodes correspond to non trivial \(L^2\) solutions to \( {\mathcal P}(\hbar,z(\hbar)) \psi_{\hbar} = z (\hbar) \psi_{\hbar} \). Roughly speaking, the main result of the paper is that, due to the Anosov property, any sequence of damped eigenmodes \( (\psi_{\hbar})_{\hbar \rightarrow 0^+} \) associated to a sequence \( (z (\hbar))_{\hbar \rightarrow 0^+} \) with \( \text{Im}(z(\hbar)) / \hbar \) going sufficiently fast to \( 0\) must be partially delocalized on the unit cosphere bundle \(S^* M\). The precise result reads as follows: given \( P_0 > 0 \), there are \( c (P_0) > 0 \) and \( C (P_0) > 0 \) such that for any sequence of damped eigenmodes such that \[ | \text{Re} (z (\hbar)) - 1/2 | \leq \hbar, \qquad \text{Im}(z(\hbar)) \geq - C (P_0) \hbar / |\log \hbar| \] and with \( \mu \) as an associated semiclassical measure, one has \[ \mu \left( \left\{ \rho \in S^* M \;| \;h_{KS}(\mu_{\rho},g) \geq - \frac{1}{2} \int_{S^* M} \log J^{u} d \mu_{\rho} - P_0 \right\} \right) \geq c (P_0) . \] Here the ergodic measures \( \mu_{\rho} \) arise from the ergodic decomposition \( \mu = \int_{S^* M} \mu_{\rho} d \mu (\rho) \), \( h_{KS} \) corresponds to the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and \( J^u \) is the unstable Jacobian of the geodesic flow. As a corollary, the author shows that, under the dynamical assumption that the topological pressure of the weakly undamped set with respect to \( (1/2) \log J^u \) is negative, then, for \( \hbar \) small enough, there are no eigenvalues in a region \[ | \text{Re} (z (\hbar)) - 1/2 | \leq \hbar, \qquad \text{Im}(z(\hbar)) \geq - C \hbar / |\log \hbar| \] for some \( C > 0 \).