A simple solution of some composition conjectures for Abel equations (Q695100)

This paper is devoted to Abel differential equations of the form \[ \dot{r}=\frac{dr}{d\theta}=A(\theta)r^3+ B(\theta)r^2 \] defined on a cylinder with \(A\) and \(B\) being trigonometric polynomials. The authors focus on the center-focus problem, and, in particular, on obtaining conditions for \(A\) and \(B\) to ensure that all solutions \(r=r(\theta, r_0)\), with initial condition \(r(0, r_0)=r_0\) and \(|r_0|\) small enough, are \(2\pi\)-periodic. The derived result gives a simple and self-contained proof of the so called composition conjecture for mentioned Abel equations. A similar version of this result for Abel equations with polynomial coefficients is also proved.