Categorification of highest weight modules via Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras (Q695297)

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Categorification of highest weight modules via Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras
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    Categorification of highest weight modules via Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras (English)
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    20 December 2012
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    This paper proves the Khovanov-Lauda conjecture on the categorification of irreducible highest weight modules for symmetrizable quantized enveloping algebras. The goal of categorification in the study of algebras is to find suitable categories whose Grothen\-dieck groups admit algebraic structures, either as algebras or as modules for an algebra. One application is that these categories often possess additional structure that helps to illuminate the original algebraic problem. Another consequence might be that certain coefficients appearing in expansions with respect to a particular basis can be interpreted as dimensions of objects in the category, thus proving the positivity of these coefficients. The particular case examined by the authors here is the most important case relating to quantized enveloping algebras, namely the categorification of irreducible highest weight modules. \textit{M. Khovanov} and \textit{A. D. Lauda} [Represent. Theory 13, 309--347 (2009; Zbl 1188.81117); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 363, No. 5, 2685--2700 (2011; Zbl 1214.81113)] and independently \textit{R. Rouquier} [``2-Kac-Moody algebras'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:0812.5023}] introduced a class of algebras (now known as Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras, KLR-algebras or quiver Hecke algebras, to emphasise that they are generalisations of certain affine Hecke algebras) that categorify the negative part of the quantized enveloping algebra associated to a symmetrizable Cartan datum. When the Cartan matrix is symmetric, \textit{M. Varagnolo} and \textit{E. Vasserot} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 659, 67--100 (2011; Zbl 1229.17019)] and independently \textit{R. Rouquier} [Algebra Colloq. 19, No. 2, 359--410 (2012; Zbl 1247.20002)] have shown that the classes of indecomposable projective modules correspond to the second author's lower global basis, also known as the canonical basis (from Lusztig's work). Given a dominant integral weight, one may take a certain quotient of the corresponding Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebra to obtain a cyclotomic version. Khovanov and Lauda conjectured [loc. cit.] that the Grothendieck group of finitely generated graded projective modules for this cyclotomic algebra should admit the structure of a module for the (integral form of) the corresponding quantized enveloping algebra. This was proved in special cases by \textit{J. Brundan} and \textit{C. Stroppel} [Represent. Theory 15, 170--243 (2011; Zbl 1261.17006)] and \textit{J. Brundan} and \textit{A. Kleshchev} [Adv. Math. 222, No. 6, 1883--1942 (2009; Zbl 1241.20003)] and the problem is settled positively in full generality in the current work. We note that \textit{B. Webster} [``Knot invariants and higher dimensional representation theory. I: Diagrammatic and geometric categorification of tensor products'', Preprint, \url{arXiv: 1001.2020}] has also independently given a proof of the conjecture, by different methods.
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    categorification
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    Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras
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    quiver Hecke algebras
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    highest weight module
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    quantized enveloping algebra
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