Asymptotic syzygies of algebraic varieties (Q695298)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective variety and \(L\) a very ample line bundle on \(X\) which provides an embedding \(X \subset \mathbb{P}(H^0(X,L))\) of \(X\) in a projective space as a projectively normal variety. Denoting \(S\) the algebra \(\mathrm{Sym}H^0(X,L)\) and \(R=\bigoplus H^0(X,mL)\) the coordinate ring of \(X\), a minimal graded free resolution \(E_{\bullet}(X;L)\) of \(R\) appears, being of interest the study of the degrees of the generators of the \(p\)th module of syzygies \(E_p(X,L)\). Previous results of the authors showed that if \(L=K_X+(\dim X+1+d)B\) where \(B\) is very ample then \(E_p(X,L)=\bigoplus S(-p-1)\) for \(1 \leq p \leq d\). These results (together with results in the case of curves and in the Veronese embeddings of the projective space) seem to show that syzygies become simpler as the positivity of \(L\) grows. The paper under review shows that this intuition may have been misleading. In fact, when \(\dim X \geq 2\) the described syzygies are a very small part of the whole set of syzygies. As they themselves write, the authors show that ``as far as grading is concerned, the minimal resolution of the ideal of \(X\) has a surprisingly uniform asymptotic shape: generators eventually appears in almost all degrees permitted by Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity''. To be precise, fix an ample divisor \(A\) and an arbitrary divisor \(P\) on \(X\) and consider \(L_d=dA+P\) with \(d\) big enough to have \(L_d\) very ample. Fix also an index \(1 \leq q \leq \dim X\). Then (see Theorem A) there exist constants \(C_1, C_2>0\) with the property that if \(d\) is large enough then the vector space of minimal generators of \(E_p(X;L_d)\) of degree \(p+q\) is non-zero for \(C_1\cdot d^{q-1} \leq p \leq h^0(L_d)-1-C_2 \cdot d^{\dim X-1}\) (\(\leq h^0(L_d)-1-C_2 \cdot d^{\dim X-q}\) when \(h^{i}(X,{\mathcal O}_X)=0\), \(0<i<\dim X\)). That is, asymptotically in \(d\), the vector space is non-zero for essentially all \(p \in [1, h^0(L_s)-1]\) and \(q \in [1, \dim X]\) (the region in which it can be). Moreover the case of Veronese embeddings of the projective space is studied in Theorem B giving some inequalities conjecturally sharp.