Decimal expansion of the square root of a nonnegative integer (Q6955951)

By Newton's binomial formula\N\[\N\sqrt{n^2+k} = n + \frac{k}{2n} - \frac{k^2}{8n^3} + \frac{k^3}{16n^5} - \frac{5k^4}{128n^7} + \cdots\N\]\Nwhich is a convergent alternating series. Since \(k\le 2n\), the integer part of \(\sqrt{n^2+k}\) is obviously \(n\). For the remaining fractional part of \(\sqrt{n^2+k}=n . a_1 a_2 a_3 \cdots\) in decimal expansion only finitely many terms of the series contributes to the digit \(a_i\) for each \(i\). So, theoretically it should be possible to find each of the digit \(a_i\) after the previous digits are calculated. In this paper it is shown how it is done in practice. The authors don't study the practicality of the method in comparison to others. One can try to compare it with another well-known method which takes \(a_i=0\) and increases \(a_i\) if \(n^2+k-(n . a_1 a_2 a_3 \cdots a_i)^2<0\) until it reaches the first \(a_i\) such that \(n^2+k-(n . a_1 a_2 a_3 \cdots a_i)^2>0\).