Invariant sets in nonautonomous discrete dynamical systems (Q6956028)

A discrete dynamical system is a pair \((X, f)\), where \(X\) is a nonempty topological space and \(f \colon X \to X\) is a continuous function. A nonautonomous discrete dynamical system (abbreviated NDS) is a pair \((X, f_\infty)\), where \(X\) is a nonempty topological space and \(f_\infty = (f_n)_n\) is a sequence such that, for each \(n \in \mathbb{N}\), \(f_n \colon X \to X\) is a continuous function.\N\NRecall that if \((X, f)\) is a discrete dynamical system and \(A \subset X\), then \(A\) is said to be invariant under \(f\) if \(f(A) \subset A\). When \(f(A) = A\), \(A\) is said to be totally invariant under \(f\). It is known that, given an NDS \((X, f_\infty)\) and a subset \(A \subset X\), there are three different ways in which \(A\) can be considered invariant under \(f_\infty\). In the paper, the authors name them type~1, type~2, and type~3.\N\NThe results of this paper contribute to the development of the theory of NDSs, with emphasis on the study of the invariance of a set. Among the results, the authors give conditions under which the orbit of a point under \(f_\infty\) presents some type of invariance among those mentioned above.\N\NOn the other hand, the authors construct an NDS for which one of its \(\omega\)-limit sets is not invariant of type~1; in another result, they give conditions under which the \(\omega\)-limit set of a point is either invariant of type~1 or of type~2.\N\NFinally, the so-called NDS product induced by a finite number of given NDSs is considered. The authors present, among others, three results showing that the \(\omega\)-limit set carries over from the NDS product to each of its factors. Such results are generalizations of those in [\textit{A. Rojas} et al., Turk. J. Math. 44, No. 2, 491--523 (2020; Zbl 1477.37017)].\N\NIn the paper, several interesting examples are presented.