Singular \({\mathbb{Z}}_2\) harmonic functions on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) and the polynomial Pell's equation (Q6965839)

Let \(K\subset\mathbb{C}\) be a collection of \(2k\) complex numbers. There is a unique real line bundle \(\mathcal{L}\) over \(\mathbb{C}\setminus K\) that has monodromy \(-1\) around each point of \(K\). By a singular \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-harmonic function, the author means a harmonic section of \(\mathcal{L}\) with locally finite \(L^2\)-norm even on a neighborhood of \(K\). The sign of the function may depend on the choice of trivializations and hence is considered undefined. Let \(D(z):=\prod_{j=1}^{2k}(z-z_j)\).\N\NOne of the main results of the paper states that there are bijections between the following sets: \N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(1)] the set of singular \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-harmonic functions \(f\); \N\item[(2)] the set of ``admissible'' entire functions satisfying \(\mathrm{Re}\Big(\int_{z_1}^{z_j}\frac{u(z)}{\sqrt{D(z)}}\,dz\Big)=0\); \N\item[(3)] the set of equivalence classes \([h]\) of harmonic functions on \(\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}\), where functions whose difference converges to a constant as \(|z|\to\infty\) are identified. \N\end{itemize}\NThe bijections are given by \(f(z)=Re\Big(\int_{z_1}^{z}\frac{u(w)}{\sqrt{D(w)}}\,dw\Big)\) and \(f(z)-h(z)\to C\) as \(|z|\to\infty\) for some constant \(C\).\N\NAnother result points out a connection with the polynomial Pell equation.