On Dynkin and Klyachko idempotents in graded bialgebras (Q696821)

The structures of the tensor algebra and the free Lie algebra on an infinite set are closely related to certain permutation statistics. In particular, certain endomorphisms of these algebras, the Dynkin and Klyachko idempotents are fundamental tools [see e.g. the book by the second author: ``Free Lie algebras'', Oxford Univ. Press (1993; Zbl 0798.17001)]. For example, they reduce the construction of a basis of the free Lie algebra to the study and counting of certain words, such as Lyndon words. The article under review generalizes this to graded connected cocommutative bialgebras over a field of characteristic zero. A Baker-like identity is established, and the kernels of the generalizations of the Dynkin and Klyachko endomorphisms are described explicitly. The property that the bases of the free Lie algebra are in bijective correspondence with prime circular words is extended to the bialgebra setting. As an application, a Klyachko basis of the free partially commutative Lie algebra is constructed, parametrized by prime conjugation classes in the free partially commutative monoid. The results for the bialgebra setting rely on two ideas -- the notion of pseudo-coproduct for the endomorphisms of the graded bialgebra, and certain interesting circular identities.