On the behavior of closed subgroups in linear groups (Q6969110)

The authors investigate structural properties of subgroups of linear groups endowed with the Zariski topology, with particular emphasis on conditions of finiteness such as the maximal condition on closed (normal) subgroups.\N\NAfter recalling classical results, notably the minimal condition on closed subgroups and the maximal condition on closed connected subgroups for linear groups, the paper focuses on identifying when the full maximal condition on closed subgroups (max-c) or on closed normal subgroups (max-cn) is satisfied.\N\NThe first main result (Theorem A) shows that a finitely generated linear group \(G\) over a field \(K\) satisfies max-c provided that either \(K\) has characteristic zero or every closed subgroup of \(G\) is finitely generated. This is refined in Theorem 3.6, which gives sufficient conditions for max-c in terms of subgroup growth in positive characteristic and is supported by carefully constructed counter-examples.\N\NThe second part of the paper addresses the structure of groups with only finitely many closed subgroups, culminating in Theorem 4.3, which characterizes such groups in terms of the index of the FC-center and the finiteness of its closed subgroups.\N\NA further section is devoted to Zariski-simple linear groups, defined as groups without proper nontrivial closed normal subgroups. The authors prove that infinite \(Z\)-simple linear groups are either torsion-free abelian or have trivial soluble radical and they classify periodic \(Z\)-simple linear groups (Theorem B), showing that they must occur in positive characteristic and are essentially almost simple modulo a finite soluble group.\N\NFinally, the authors study linear groups satisfying max-cn. Theorems C and D describe the structure of soluble-by-finite and locally nilpotent linear groups under max-cn, proving that such groups are respectively topologically finitely generated and nilpotent with max-c. The algebraic group case is considered in the concluding section, including a reduction theorem (Theorem E) connecting max-cn and max-c.