The powerful class of Sylow subgroups of finite groups (Q6979981)

The paper investigates the influence of the powerful class of Sylow \(p\)-subgroups on structural properties of finite groups. Building on earlier work by \textit{A. Lubotzky}, \textit{A. Mann} [J. Algebra 105, 484--505 (1987; Zbl 0626.20010)] and \textit{A. Mann} [J. Algebra 178, No. 1, 299--301 (1995; Zbl 0841.20025)], the author studies the largest powerfully embedded subgroup \(\eta(P)\) of a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup \(P\) and its role in transfer and fusion control.\N\NUnder suitable closure conditions on \(\eta(P)\), the author proves an analogue of Grün's second theorem: If \(\eta(P)\) is weakly closed in \(P\) with respect to \(G\), then \(P \cap G' = P \cap N_G(\eta(P))'\) and hence \(\eta\) controls transfer. In a stronger form, under additional closure assumptions on all powers \(\eta(P)^{p^i}\), the functor \(\eta\) is shown to strongly control fusion.\N\NIn the second part, the author turns to \(p\)-solvable groups and relates the \(p\)-length \(\ell_p(G)\) to the powerful class \(\mathrm{pwc}(P)\) of a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup. The main result establishes that \(\ell_p(G) \le \left\lceil \mathrm{pwc}(P)/(p-2) \right\rceil\) for odd \(p\) and \(\ell_2(G) \le \mathrm{pwc}(P)\). This generalizes earlier bounds involving the nilpotency class and extends earlier results by \textit{E. I. Khukhro} [Int. J. Group Theory 1, 51--57 (2012; Zbl 1262.20015)]. The argument combines \(\eta\)-series, \(PF\)-embedded subgroup techniques and control of normal subgroups via filtration.