Perturbation theory for infinite-dimensional integrable systems on the line. A case study (Q698333)

The authors study the nonlinear perturbations \[ iq_t+q_{xx}-2 |q|^2q- \varepsilon|q|^\ell q=0 \] with \(\varepsilon>0\), \(\ell >2\) of the associated completely integrable system on the real line. The analysis can be extended to a more general class of perturbations, and shows that the long-time behavior of the solutions of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation is universal in the above case. The key idea of the paper is motivated by the behavior of the reflection coefficient in the inverse scattering theory of the integrable case and the expectation that we deal with short-range perturbations. Thus the scattering map is used as a change of variables for the perturbed equation.