Non-potential systems with relativistic operators and maximal monotone boundary conditions (Q6986490)

This paper discusses the solvability of the system \N\[\N \left\{ \begin{array}{c} -[\phi_n(u')]'=f_1(t,u,v)\\\N-[\phi_m(v')]'=f_2(t,u,v)\\\N\end{array} \right.,\quad t\in[0,T],\tag{1}\N\]\Nwith boundary conditions \N\[\N \left\{ \begin{array}{c} (\phi_n(u')(0),-\phi_n(u')(T))\in\gamma(u(0),u(T))\\\N(\phi_m(v')(0),-\phi_m(v')(T))\in\eta(v(0),v(T))\\\N\end{array} \right.,\tag{2}\N\]\Nwhere \(\phi_q:\mathbb{B}_1(q)\to\mathbb{R}^q,\;q\in\{n,m\},\) is a homeomorphism given by \N\[\N\phi_q(y)=\frac{y}{\sqrt{1-|y|^2}},\quad y\in\mathbb{B}_1(q),\N\]\N\(\mathbb{B}_1(q)\) is the open ball of radius 1 in \(\mathbb{R}^q\) endowed with the Euclidean norm \(|\cdot|\) corresponding to the usual inner product \(\langle\cdot\mid\cdot\rangle\). Also, the operators \(\gamma:\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n\to2^{\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^n}\) and \(\eta:\mathbb{R}^m\times\mathbb{R}^m\to2^{\mathbb{R}^m\times\mathbb{R}^m}\) are maximal monotone and the mappings \(f_1:[0,T]\times\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^m\to\mathbb{R}^n,\;\; f_2:[0,T]\times\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^m\to\mathbb{R}^m\) are continuous.\N\NIn the main result it is assumed that one of the following conditions is satisfied:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(i)] \(\lambda_1(\gamma)>0, \lambda_1(\eta)>0;\)\N\item[(ii)] \(\lambda_1(\eta)>0\) and there are constants \(a\in[0,1),b,\delta\in\mathbb{R}_+\) such that \N\[\N\langle f_1(t,x,y)\mid x\rangle\leq(a-1)| x|^2+b| y|^2+\delta,\quad t\in[0,T],\ x\in \mathbb{R}^n,\ y\in \mathbb{R}^m;\tag{3}\N\]\N\item[(iii)] \(\lambda_1(\gamma)>0\) and there are constants \(c, \delta\in\mathbb{R}_+, d\in[0,1)\) such that \N\[\N\langle f_2(t,x,y)\mid y\rangle\leq c| x|^2+(d-1)| y|^2+\delta,\quad t\in[0,T],\ x\in \mathbb{R}^n,\ y\in \mathbb{R}^m;\tag{4}\N\]\N\item[(iii)] there are constants \(a, b, c,d, \delta\in \mathbb{R}_+\) such that the matrix \(\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix}\) is convergent to zero and (3) and (4) hold.\N\end{itemize}\NHere \N\[\N\lambda_1(\gamma):=\inf\Bigl\{\frac{\|u'\|^2_{L^2}}{\|u\|^2_{L^2}}: u\in\mathcal{K}(n)\setminus\{0_{\mathbb{R}^n}\},\ (u(0),u(T))\in D(\gamma)\Bigr\},\N\]\N\[\N\lambda_1(\eta):=\inf\Bigl\{\frac{\|v'\|^2_{L^2}}{\|v\|^2_{L^2}} : v\in\mathcal{K}(m)\setminus\{0_{\mathbb{R}^m}\},\ (v(0),v(T))\in D(\eta)\Bigr\},\N\]\Nwhere \(\mathcal{K}(q):=\bigl\{w\in W^{1,\infty}([0,T];\mathbb{R}^q): \|w'\|_{L^\infty}\leq 1\bigr\}\), \(q\in\{n,m\},\) and \(D(\gamma)\) and \(D(\eta)\) are the domains of \(\gamma\) and \(\eta\), respectively.\N\NThe main result guarantees at least one solution to the considered problem, that is, there exists at least one couple of functions \((u,v)\in C^1_n\times C^1_m\) which satisfies (1) and (2) and is such that \(|u'(t)|<1, |v'(t)|<1\) for \(t\in[0,T],\) \(\phi_n(u')\in C^1_n, \phi_m(v')\in C^1_m\), where \(C^1_q:=C^1([0,T];\mathbb{R}^q), q\in\{n,m\},\) and \((u(0),u(T))\in D(\gamma), (v(0),v(T))\in D(\eta).\)\N\NA fixed point result, a priori bounds and convergent to zero matrices are used.