Wallpaper functions (Q699002)

The authors derive trigonometric series defining wallpaper functions. These are real functions \(f(x)\) of the Euclidean plane, invariant under the action of the 17 2D space groups (denoted by \(G\)) and the additional 46 two-color ones (the Heesch, or Shubnikov 2D antisymmetric space groups). This leads to 63 group extensions \(E\) of \(G\) by the cyclic group \(C_2= \{1,-1\}\), where \(-1\) reverses the sign of \(f\). Considered are the homomorphic mappings \(\phi\): \(E\to G\) with \(\text{Ker }\phi= G\), together with an equivalence relation obtained from the group isomorphisms of \(E\). The names and the notation adopted mostly deviate from the ones used in crystallography, as one finds in the International Tables of Crystallography of the IUCr. The relevant volume A, where the same invariant functions are listed for the 17 space groups, is not even quoted. The space groups are indicated as standard and in the Shubnikov notation for the 2-color case.