Stabilizers of irreducible components of affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties (Q6993645)

The authors prove, in the main Theorem A, a conjecture of X. Zhu regarding the top-dimensional irreducible components of the affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties (introduced by Rapoport). Then in Theorem B, via the Rapoport-Zink \(p\)-adic uniformization, they deduce a description of the irreducible components of the so-called \textit{basic locus} (generalising the supersingular locus of a modular curve) in the reduction modulo \(p>2\) of (the integral model constructed by Kisin of) a Hodge type Shimura variety with hyperspecial level at \(p\).\N\NIn a bit more detail, the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety denoted by \(X_{\mu}(b)\) in the article is attached to the following data : a quasi-split tamely ramified reductive group \(G\) over a local field \(F\) whose characteristic does not divide \(|\pi_1 (G^{\mathrm{ad}})|\); a cocharacter \(\mu\) of \(G\); and an element \(b\in G(\check{F})\) where \(\check{F}\) denotes the maximal unramified extension of \(F\). The \(F\)-rational points of a reductive group (Frobenius-centralizer, recalled in \(\S\)2.3) acts on \(X_{\mu}(b)\), hence on the set \(\Sigma^{\mathrm{top}} (X_{\mu}(b))\) of the top-dimensional irreducible components.\N\NTheorem A : For any \(Z \in \Sigma^{\mathrm{top}} (X_{\mu}(b))\), the stabiliser in \(J_b(F)\) of \(Z\) is a \textit{very special} parahoric subgroup.\N\NThe notion of \textit{very special} is defined in Definition 2.2.2, and is shown to be equivalent to having maximal volume in Proposition 2.2.5, which is crucially used in the proof. The proof ``makes use of techniques from \(p\)-adic harmonic analysis developed in [\textit{R. Zhou} and \textit{Y. Zhu}, Camb. J. Math. 8, No. 1, 149--241 (2020; Zbl 1457.11089)], and the Deligne-Lusztig reduction method for affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties developed in [\textit{X. He}, Ann. Math. (2) 179, No. 1, 367--404 (2014; Zbl 1321.14039)].'' (p. 2390)\N\NThe \(J_b(F)\)-action on \(\Sigma^{\mathrm{top}}(X_{\mu}(b))\) is then more completely described by determining the set of orbits in terms of the `Mirkovic-Vilonen basis' \(\mathbf{a}\), and this is explained on the first page with relevant references.\N\NFinally, to quote the authors directly : ``The main contribution of this paper is establishing that the compact open subgroups \(I^{\mathbf{a}}_p \subset I(\mathbb{Q}_p)\) are very special. For many applications this is a crucial piece of information.'' (p.2390)