Saturated fusion systems on \(p\)-groups of maximal class (Q6995878)

In recent years, fusion systems have become an important tool in group theory, topology and representation theory. This book is devoted to saturated fusion systems \(\mathcal{F}\) on a finite \(p\)-group \(S\) of maximal class, of order \(p^n \geq p^4\) where \(p\) is a prime. Since the results are already known for \(p \leq 3\), the authors concentrate on the case \(p \geq 5\).\N\NIn view of the Alperin-Goldschmidt theorem, the authors first determine the candidates for the \(\mathcal{F}\)-essential subgroups of \(S\). In Theorem D they show that these are among the maximal subgroups \(C_S(\gamma_2(S)/\gamma_4(S))\) and \(C_S(Z_2(S))\) and the \(\mathcal{F}\)-pearls. Here an \(\mathcal{F}\)-pearl is an \(\mathcal{F}\)-essential subgroup of \(S\) which is either elementary abelian of order \(p^2\), or extraspecial of order \(p^3\) and exponent \(p\) when \(p\) is odd, or quaternion of order \(8\) when \(p=2\).\N\NA more detailed analysis leads the authors to two main theorems. Theorem B deals with the case where \(S\) is exceptional, that is, \N\ the centralizers of \(\gamma_2(S)/\gamma_4(S)\) and of \(Z_2(S)\) are different. It is known that in this case \(p \geq 5\) and \(n \in \{6,\ldots,p+1\}\) is even. Moreover, \(S\) is not metabelian. Theorem B describes the possibilities for \(\mathcal{F}\) when \(\mathcal{F} \neq N_\mathcal{F}(S)\).\N\NTheorem C deals with the situation where \(S\) is not exceptional, \(\gamma_1(S) := C_S(\gamma_2(S)/\gamma_4(S))\) is non-abelian and \(\mathcal{F} \neq N_\mathcal{F}(\gamma_1(S))\). Then, Theorem B and Theorem C are combined with results on reduced saturated fusion systems on \(p\)-groups with an abelian subgroup of index \(p\) obtained by Oliver and his coauthors. Thus, Theorem A classifies the reduced saturated fusion systems on a \(p\)-group \(S\) of maximal class and order \(p^n \geq p^4\). As a corollary of these results, the authors describe the fusion systems \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(S\) with \(O_p(\mathcal{F}) \neq 1\) and no \(\mathcal{F}\)-pearls.\N\NIt should be noted that the proofs in this book make use of the classification of finite simple groups. In particular, results on strongly \(p\)-embedded subgroups and on quadratic pairs are applied. Also, computational tools play a role.