A description of certain affine open subschemes that form an open covering of \(\text{Hilb}^n_{\mathbb{A}^2_k}\). (Q701250)

It is well known that the Hilbert scheme \(\text{Hilb}^n_S\), parametrizing the \(0\)-dimensional closed subschemes of length \(n\) of an irreducible projective smooth surface \(S\), is irreducible and smooth of dimension \(2n\) [\textit{J. Fogarty}, Am. J. Math. 90, 511--521 (1968; Zbl 0176.18401)]. Here the author is interested in studying \(\mathbf{H}^n\subset \text{Hilb}^n_{\mathbb P^2}\), which parametrizes \(0\)-dimensional subschemes of the affine plane over an algebraically closed field \(K\). It results to be an open subscheme of \(\text{Hilb}^n_{\mathbb P^2}\), whose points are naturally identified with the ideals \(I\) of \(K[x,y]\) such that the dimension of \(K[x,y]/I\) is \(n\). \(\mathbf{H}^n\) has already been considered by \textit{M. Haiman} [Discrete Math. 193, No.1--3, 201--224 (1998; Zbl 1061.05509)], who constructed an open covering of it, by affine open subschemes \(U_\mu\), where \(\mu\) varies in the set of the partitions of \(n\). More precisely, if \(\mu=(p_1,\dots, p_l)\), with \(p_1\geq p_2\geq\dots\geq p_l\), one defines \(U_\mu\) to be the set of ideals \(I\) such that \({\mathcal B}_\mu\) generates \(k[x,y]/I\), where \({\mathcal B}_\mu\) is the set of monomials \(\{ x^hy^k\mid 0\leq h<l, 0\leq k<p_{h+1}\}\). Haiman constructed also an infinite set of generators of the coordinate ring of \(U_\mu\) as a \(K\)-algebra. Here a finite, although not minimal, set of generators is described. Moreover a basis of the first module of syzygies of such generators is given. Also a sufficient condition is given for \(U_\mu\) to be an affine cell in \(\mathbf{H}^n\), i.e. an open subscheme isomorphic to \(\mathbb A^{2n}_K\).