A new generalized \(p\)-local class of groups \(\mathcal{S}^p\) and its properties (Q7016941)

This paper introduces and studies the class of groups \(\mathcal{S}_{p}\), defined as the class of all finite groups \(G\) where every \(pd\)-chief factor \(A/B\) satisfies \(|\Phi((A/B)_p)| \leq p\). The authors also introduce \(\mathrm{CAP}_{\mathcal{S}_p}\)-subgroups, a generalization of cover and avoidance properties, which they use to derive structural characterizations of groups in \(\mathcal{S}_{p}\).\N\NThe main results establish sufficient conditions for a finite group to belong to \(\mathcal{S}_{p}\), based on the properties of its second maximal subgroups. Theorem 3.1 states that if specific second maximal subgroups of \(G\) satisfy a \(\mathrm{CAP}_{\mathcal{S}_p}\)-condition, then \(G \in \mathcal{S}_{p}\). Furthermore, Theorem 3.2 provides an alternative characterization, showing that if \(X(G) = \emptyset\), then \(G \in \mathcal{S}_{p}\), where \(X(G)\) is a set of second maximal subgroups linked to generalized cover and avoidance properties.\N\NAdditionally, the authors prove that \(\mathcal{S}_{p}\) is closed under normal subgroup extensions under suitable conditions.