On unfoldable cardinals, \(\omega\)-closed cardinals, and the beginning of the inner model hierarchy (Q701741)

Unfoldable cardinals and \(\text{On}\)-unfoldable cardinals have been introduced by \textit{A. Villaveces} [J. Symb. Log. 63, 1116--1136 (1998; Zbl 0915.03034)]. In the paper under review, the author defines a notion of ``long unfoldability'' (Definition 1.3), which is a set-theoretic version of Villaveces' class-theoretical notion of \(\text{On}\)-unfoldability. Long unfoldability is a generalization of weak compactness incompatible with \({\mathbf V}{=}{\mathbf L}\) (*). Villaveces had shown that the first unfoldable cardinal is smaller than the first weakly compact \(\omega_1\)-Erdős cardinal. The author introduces a notion of \(\omega\)-closed cardinal (Definition 1.1) weaker than the notion of an \(\omega_1\)-Erdős cardinal (Theorem 1.1) and improves Villaveces' result to: Theorem 1.3. The first long unfoldable cardinal is smaller than the least \(\omega\)-closed cardinal. Theorem 1.3 and (*) together establish that long unfoldability is a large cardinal property strictly between those consistent with \({\mathbf V}{=}{\mathbf L}\) and an \(\omega_1\)-Erdős cardinal. The strength of principles like this can be calibrated with (very) small core models. In \S~3, the author gives upper and lower bounds in terms of consistency strength: Upper bound (Theorem 1.4): The consistency strength of \(\text{ ZFC}+\text{Det}(\omega^2\)-\(\Pi^1_1)\) is larger than that of \(\text{ ZFC}+\) ``there is a long unfoldable cardinal''. For an interesting lower bound, some extra assumption is needed, since the theory ZFC + ``there is a long unfoldable cardinal'' does not even imply that \(0^\#\) exists (Theorem 1.11 and the further remarks on p. 448). However, assuming the existence of a long unfoldable in a core model increases the strength of this large cardinal notion: Lower bound (Theorem 1.7): If \({\mathbf V}{=}{\mathbf K}\) and \(\kappa\) is long unfoldable, then \(\kappa\) is admissibly measurable (cf. Definition 3.5). Note that by older results of \textit{P. D. Welch}'s [J. Symb. Log. 59, 1420--1432 (1994; Zbl 0817.03025)], \({\mathbf V}{=}{\mathbf K}\) and ``there is an admissibly measurable'' implies ``a subset of \(\omega_1\) is universally Baire if and only if it is constructible from a real''.