Smoothing effect for Schrödinger boundary value problems (Q701896)

The author proves the necessity of the nontrapping condition for the plain smoothing effect \((H^{1/2})\) for the Schrödinger equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions in exterior problems. The principal result reads as follows. Consider an arbitrary smooth domain with boundary \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^d\), with no infinite order contact with its boundary, and consider \(P\) a second-order self-adjoint operator on \(L^2(\Omega)\), with domain \(D\subset H^1_0(\Omega)\) and such that the boundary is noncharacteristic. Denote by \(\varphi_s: {^bT^*}\Omega\setminus\{0\}\to {^bT^*}\Omega\setminus\{0\}\) the bicharacteristic flow of the operator \(P\) defined on the boundary cotangent bundle. Let \(A\) be a classical tangential pseudodifferential operator of order \(1/2\). Suppose that \((z_0,\zeta_0)\in{^bT^*}\Omega\setminus\{0\}\) satisfying the trapping assumption \[ \int^0_{-\infty} |\sigma_{1/2}(A)(\varphi_s(x_0, \zeta_0))|^2\,ds= +\infty, \] where \(\sigma_{1/2}(A)\) is the principal symbol of \(A\). Then for any \(t_0> 0\) the map \[ u_0\in C^\infty_0\subset L^2(\Omega)\mapsto A^{itP}_e u_0\in L^2([0,t_0]; L^2(M)),\;M= \mathbb{R}\times\Omega, \] is not bounded (even for data with fixed compact support). The author also gives a class of trapped obstacles (Ikawa's example) for which he can prove a weak \((H^{-{1\over 2}- \varepsilon})\) smoothing effect.