Differentiation for orders and Artinian rings. (Q702134)

Let \(R\) be a complete valuation domain. Given an \(R\)-order \(\Lambda\), we denote by \(\Lambda\text{-lat}\) the category of left \(\Lambda\)-lattices, that is, finitely generated left \(\Lambda\)-modules that are \(R\)-free. In his recent papers [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 153, No. 2, 171-190 (2000; Zbl 0964.16016) and Colloq. Math. 89, No. 1, 7-42 (2001; Zbl 0999.16013)], the author associates to any \(R\)-order \(\Lambda\) and a hereditary monomorphism \(u\colon P\to I\) between a projective lattice \(P\) and an injective lattice \(I\) in \(\Lambda\text{-lat}\) (or a pre-hereditary monomorphism), a lattice \(H\) in \(\Lambda\text{-lat}\) such that \(\text{Ext}^1_\Lambda(H,H)=0\), a new \(R\)-order \(\Lambda'\) and an indecomposable lattice \(B\) in \(\Lambda'\text{-lat}\) such that there exists an equivalence of categories (called a differentiation) \(\partial_u\colon\Lambda\text{-lat}/[H]\to\Lambda'\text{-lat}/[B]\) between the quotient categories \(\Lambda\text{-lat}/[H]\) and \(\Lambda'\text{-lat}/[B]\). The construction extends the differentiations of the categories of poset representations, socle projective modules over right peak rings, vector space categories, and lattices over orders defined earlier and successfully applied by many authors. The differentiation \(\partial_u\) reduces the study of the category \(\Lambda\text{-lat}\) to the study of \(\Lambda'\text{-lat}\), with an \(R\)-order \(\Lambda'\) that is simpler than \(\Lambda\), from the representation theory point of view. In the paper under consideration, the author extends the method of differentiation presented above from lattices over \(R\)-orders to arbitrary integral almost Abelian categories \(\mathcal A\) with a closed regular morphism \(u\colon P\to I\) of \(\mathcal A\), by applying so called weak localization techniques developed by the author in his recent papers. One of the main results of the paper asserts that if \(u\colon P\to I\) is a pre-hereditary morphism in an integral almost Abelian category \(\mathcal A\) then there exists an equivalence of categories \(\widetilde\partial_u\colon{\mathcal A}/[{\mathcal A}_u]\to\text{Reg}_u({\mathcal A})/[u]\) that is induced by a functor \(\partial_u\colon{\mathcal A}\to\text{Reg}_u({\mathcal A})\) constructed in the paper. Interesting applications of the constructions to module categories over various rings are presented. The author finishes this interesting paper by a concrete example that illustrates the use of the techniques.