Multiple periodic solutions for a second-order problem on periodic time scales (Q703412)

This paper is concerned with boundary value problems for dynamic equations on periodic time scales \({\mathbb T}\), i.e., closed subsets of the reals with the additional property that \(t\in{\mathbb T}\) implies \(t+T\in{\mathbb T}\) for a certain \(T>0\). The author considers second-order scalar dynamic equations \[ -(p(t)y^\Delta(t))^\Delta+q(t)y^\sigma(t)=f(t,y^\sigma(t))\leqno(\ast) \] under periodic boundary conditions \[ y(a)=y(a+T),\quad y^\Delta(a)=y^\Delta(a+T), \] on a \(T\)-periodic time scale \({\mathbb T}\), where \(p:{\mathbb T}\to(0,\infty)\) is rd-continuously differentiable, \(q:{\mathbb T}\to[0,\infty)\) is rd-continuous with \(\int_t^{t+T}q(s)\Delta s>0\) and \(f:{\mathbb T}\times[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) is continuous. Moreover, the functions \(p,q\) and \(f\) are assumed to be \(T\)-periodic in \(t\). A Green's function for the homogeneous equation corresponding to \((\ast)\) is found and used as kernel of an integral operator. Certain fixed-point theorems are applied to this operator: Under boundedness assumptions on \(f\), a theorem due to Krasnoselskii yields the existence of one (resp at least two), and a theorem due to Leggett-Williams implies the existence of at least three positive \(T\)-periodic solutions for \((\ast)\) satisfying the given boundary conditions.