Critical groups and multiple solutions of the \(p\)-Laplacian equations (Q703422)

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in \(\mathbb R^n\). The author considers \[ -\Delta_pu= f(x,u) \quad\text{in }\Omega, \qquad u=0\quad\text{on }\partial\Omega, \tag{1} \] where \(\Delta_pu= \text{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)\), \(p>1\). The purpose of this paper is to give some qualitative results for the critical groups \(C_*(I,0)\) undre the assumption that the function \(f\) satisfies \[ f(x,u)= \lambda_+|u|^{p-2}u_++\lambda_-|u|^{p-2}u_-+ o(|u|^{p-1}), \] where \(u_+= \max\{u,0\}\) and \(u_-= \min\{u,0\}\). To this end, the author uses Mayer-Vietoris arguments from algebraic topology.