A finitary adjoint functor theorem (Q7034265)

It is well known [\textit{J. Adámek} and \textit{J. Rosický}, Locally presentable and accessible categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1994; Zbl 0795.18007), Theorem 1.66] that a functor between locally presentable categories is a right adjoint iff it is accessible and preserves limits. This paper introduces a wise class of locally finitely presentable categories, called \textit{graduated}, establishing that a finitary functor between them is a right adjoint iff it preserves countable limits. Graduation quintessentially means that every finitely presentable object is assigned a grade in \(\mathbb{N}\) so that proper subobjects and proper strong quotients are of lower grades.\N\NThis paper was greatly inspired by the following two works.\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(1)] \textit{G. Tendas} [Appl. Categ. Struct. 30, No. 5, 937--946 (2022; Zbl 1495.18010)] established, for locally finitely presentable categories of only countably many finitely presentable objects and finite hom-sets for them, that a finitary functor between such categories preserves limits iff it preserves countable limits.\N\N\item[(2)] \textit{V. Trnková} [Commentat. Math. Univ. Carol. 12, 143--174 (1971; Zbl 0232.18004); Commentat. Math. Univ. Carol. 12, 345--357 (1971; Zbl 0232.18005)] investigated the question when functors preserving products automatically preserve limits.\N\end{itemize}