Characterizations of metric (sub)regularity via (sub)transversality (Q7035771)

Let \(X,Y\) be metric spaces with the metrics denoted by the same letter \(d\) and \(F:X\rightrightarrows Y\) be a set valued mapping. Let \(\mathrm{Gr} \, F=\{(x,y)\in X\times Y: y\in F(x)\}\) be the graph of \(F\) and let \(F^{-1}(y)=\{x\in X:y\in F(x)\},\, y\in Y\). For \(x\in X\) and \(r>0\) put \(B_r(x)=\{z\in X:d(x,z)<r\}\) and \(\bar B_r(x)=\{z\in X:d(x,z)\le r\}\), and similarly for \(Y\).\N\NThe mapping \(F\) is called (metrically) regular at \((\bar x,\bar y)\in \mathrm{Gr} \, F\) if there exist \(K,\delta>0\) such that \N\[\Nd(x,F^{-1}(y))\le K d((y,F(x)),\N\]\Nfor all \(x\in B_\delta(\bar x)\) and \(y\in B_\delta(\bar y)\).\N\NIf we have only \N\[\Nd(x,F^{-1}(\bar y))\le K d((\bar y,F(x)),\N\]\Nfor all \(x\in B_\delta(\bar x)\), then one says that \(F\) is (metrically) subregular at \((\bar x,\bar y).\)\N\NRegularity is an important concept in mathematics being related to implicit function theorems, Banach open mapping theorem and Lyusternik-Graves theorem.\N\NAnother important notion is that of transversality. Two closed subsets \(A,B\) of a normed space \(X\) are called transversal at \(\bar x\in A\cap B\) if there exist \(K,\delta>0\) such that \N\[\Nd(x,(A-a)\cap (B-b))\le K (d(x,A-a)+d(x,B-b)),\N\]\Nfor all \(x\in \bar B_\delta(\bar x)\) and \(y\in \bar B_\delta(\bar y)\).\N\NIf \N\[\Nd(x,A\cap B)\le K(d(x,A)+d(x,B)),\N\]\Nfor all \(x\in \bar B_\delta(\bar x)\), the \(A,B\) are called subtransversal at \(\bar x.\) Notice that the notion of transversality requires a linear structure, while subtransversality is purely metric.\N\NThe transversality (subtransversality) can be also characterized in terms of the regularity (resp. subreguraity) of the function \N\[\NH_{A,B}(x_1,x_2)=\begin{cases} \{x_1-x_2\}\;\; &\text{ if } x_1\in A,\, x_2\in B,\\\N\emptyset \;\; &\text{ else}. \end{cases}\N\]\NContinuing the investigations from \textit{S. Apostolov} et al. [Set-Valued Var. Anal. 30, No. 3, 1041--1060 (2022; Zbl 1497.49025)], the authors obtain, in a new and unified way, some classical characterizations of metric regularity and subregularity as well as the equivalence between (sub)transversality and (sub)regularity.