Spectral stability of the Coulomb--Dirac Hamiltonian with anomalous magnetic moment (Q704226)

Considered is the Coulomb Hamiltonian \[ H_a=-i\sigma _2\frac{d}{dr}+\sigma _3+\left(\frac \kappa r+ \frac a{r^2}\right)\sigma _1+\frac cr \] on \((0,\infty )\), where \(a,c<0\). This operator has a unique self-adjoint realization in \(L^2(0,\infty )\), and the same is true for \(H_0\) (i.e., \(a=0\)) if \(\kappa ^2-c^2>0\). Since the authors are concerned with the behaviour of the eigenvalues as \(a\to0\), only \(\kappa ^2-c^2>\) is investigated. For \(\kappa <0\), the eigenvalues are continuous at \(a=0\) in the following sense (Theorem 1): Let \(0<\varepsilon <\)dist\((\lambda _0,\sigma (H_0)\setminus \{\lambda _0\})/2\). Then, for \(\kappa <0\) sufficiently close to zero, \(\lambda _0\) is [not] an eigenvalue of \(H_a\) if and only if \(\lambda _0\) has exactly one [no] eigenvalue \(\lambda _a\) in \((\lambda _0-\varepsilon ,\lambda _0+\varepsilon )\). The same is true for \(\kappa >0\), however, with some exceptional values of \(c\) which can only accumulate at \(-\kappa \) (Theorem 2). At least \([(\kappa \log 4)/\pi -1]\) of these exceptional values occur, where the Prüfer angle has a ``jump'' as \(a\to 0\).