Diophantine inequalities involving several power sums (Q704813)

Let \(\bar {\mathbb Q}\) be an algebraic closure of the rational field, \({\mathbb Z}_+\) be the semigroup of positive integers and \(\bar {\mathbb Q}{\mathcal E}_{{\mathbb Z}_+}\) be the ring of power sums with coefficients in \(\bar {\mathbb Q}\) and roots in \({\mathbb Z}_+\), i.e., the ring of sequences \(G_n\) of algebraic numbers of type \(G_n=a_1\alpha_1^n + \cdots + a_n\alpha_t^n\) where \(a_i\in \bar {\mathbb Q}\), \(\alpha_i\in {\mathbb Z}_+\) and \(t\in {\mathbb N}\). The authors study Diophantine inequalities involving many power sums, namely, inequalities of the form \(| y^d + G_n^{(1)} y^{d-1} + \dots + G_n^{(d)} | < \alpha^{n(d-1-\varepsilon)}\), where \(d\geq 2\), \(G_n^{(1)}, \dots, G_n^{(d)} \in \bar {\mathbb Q}{\mathcal E}_{{\mathbb Z}_+}\) and \(\alpha\) is a quantity defined in terms of the dominant roots of the \(G_n^{(i)}\). Under a non-degeneracy condition, they prove that there exist finitely many power sums \(H_n^{(1)},\dots,H_n^{(s)} \in \bar {\mathbb Q}{\mathcal E}_{{\mathbb Z}_+}\) such that all but finitely many solutions \((n,y)\) of these inequalities satisfy \(y=H_n^{(i)}\) for some \(i=1,\dots,s\). Moreover, the set of natural numbers \(n\) such that there exists a solution \((n,y)\) is the union of a finite set and a finite number of arithmetic progressions. Following the ideas introduced by \textit{P. Corvaja} and \textit{U. Zannier} [``Diophantine equations with power sums and universal Hilbert subsets'', Indag. Math., New Ser. 9, No. 3, 317--332 (1998; Zbl 0923.11103)], the proofs are obtained by using generalized versions of Schmidt's subspace theorem.