Lattice path combinatorics and asymptotics of multiplicities of weights in tensor powers (Q705324)

Let \(G\) be a compact connected Lie group, \(T \subset G\) a maximal torus, \(g\) and \(t\) the corresponding Lie algebras, \(G^*\) and \(t^*\) the corresponding duals, \(I^*\) the lattice of integral forms in \(t^*\), \(C\) a fixed Weyl chamber in \(t^*\), \(\lambda \in I^* \cap \bar C\), and \(V_\lambda\) the irreducible representation of \(G\) with highest weight \(\lambda\), and \(\chi_\lambda\) its character. The authors obtain asymptotic formulae for the multiplicities \(a_N (\lambda_i \nu)\) of irreducible representations \(V_\nu\) with highest weight \(\nu\) in \(V_\lambda^{\otimes N}\) and for the multiplicities of lattice paths with steps in a convex lattice polytope \(P\) from 0 to an \(N\)-independent lattice point \(\alpha \in NP\). For \(P\) the convex hull of a Weyl orbit of weight \(\lambda\) the Fourier coefficients are weights of \(V_\lambda^{\otimes N}\), and when \(P = p \sum\), \(\sum\) the standard simplex, \(p\) a positive integer, then the lattice path multiplicities behave in general like multinormal coefficients. More precisely, the analysis of the multiplicities of lattice paths can be obtained from the generating \(k(w) = \sum_{\beta \in P} c(\beta) e^{\langle \beta, w\rangle}\), \(w \in \mathbb{C}^n\), with \(P\) as above. For the Fourier coefficients \(k(w)^N\) precise asymptotics can be obtained by a complex stationary phase method. The authors study the relations between the numbers of lattice paths and the multiplicities. If \(Q(\lambda) \subseteq t^*\) is the convex hull of the orbit of \(\lambda\) under the action of the Weyl group \(W\), the authors consider a probability measure on \(Q(\lambda)\), \(dm_{\lambda, N}\) which charges each possible weight \(\nu\) of \(V_\lambda^{\otimes N}\) with its relative multiplicity, dilate the weight back to \(Q(\lambda)\) and as for \(N \to \infty\) the dilated weights become dense in \(Q(\lambda)\). The authors show that \(m_{\lambda, N} \to \delta_{Q^* (\lambda)}\) where \(\delta_{Q^*(\lambda)}\) is the Dirac measure at the origin of mass \(Q^*(\lambda)\) of the polytope \(Q(\lambda)\), when \(Q^*(\lambda)\) is defined explicitly . If \(G\) is assumed to be semisimple, the set of measures \(\{ dm_{\lambda, N}\}\) satisfies the large deviation principle with speed \(N\) and rate function determined explicitly. In fact, the studied asymptotics fall in several regimes; even if the very precise results are too intricate to be given here, let us remark that in the central limit region of weights very precise asymptotics are obtained, also in the case of a moderate and strong derivation regime. All these results are pointwise asymptotic. For this, the main results to be applied concern the asymptotics of a number of lattice paths (Theorems 1 and 10), which are proved using the method of steepest descent, and a map (called moment map by the authors), which is an analogue of the moment map for a Hamiltonian torus action on toric manifolds. The results obtained are then applied to the multiplicities of group representations.