On a definitizable analog of the trigonometric moment problem generating an indefinite Toeplitz form (Q706218)

A classical result of Caratheodory, Fejer, Toeplitz says that a sequence \(\{c_k\}_{-\infty}^\infty\), \(c_{-k}=\bar c_k\) is a trigonometric moment sequence for a finite measure if and only if it is nonnegative with respect to the unit circle, that is the Toeplitz forms \(\sum_{k,l=0}^n c_{k-l}\xi_k\bar\xi_l\) are nonnegative for every \(n\in{\mathbb N}\). The authors consider a moment problem for sequences \(\{c_k\}_{-\infty}^\infty\), which are not nonnegative with respect to the unit circle. Instead, a sequence \(\{c_k\}_{-\infty}^\infty\) is supposed to satisfy the following property: For some \(m>0\) there exists a nontrivial operator \(D:\{c_k\}\mapsto\{d_k\}\), \(d_k=\sum_{j=-m}^m\alpha_jc_{k+j}\) such that \(\{d_k\}_{-\infty}^\infty\) is nonnegative with respect to the unit circle. As the main result it is shown that for such a sequence \(\{c_k\}_{-\infty}^\infty\) there exists a polynomial \(M(z)\) with the zero set \(\sigma=\{z_j\}\) and a left continuous (not necessarily bounded) piecewise monotone function \(\rho(t)\) on \([0,2\pi]\setminus\sigma\) such that \(c_k=\int_0^{2\pi}(e^{ikt}-{\mathcal P}^{(k)}(e^{it}))d\rho(t)+\sum_{j=0}^l\alpha_j^{(k)}c_{j}\) where \({\mathcal P}^{(k)}(z)=\sum_{j=0}^l\alpha_j^{(k)}z^j\) are polynomials interpolating \(z^k\) on the spectrum \(\sigma\). The proof is based on the spectral theory of definitizable operators in Kreĭn spaces [cf. \textit{H. Langer}, Lect. Notes Math. 948, 1--46 (1982; Zbl 0511.47023)].