Vector lattices of almost polynomial sequences (Q707863)

This is a study of order, various duals and orthomorphisms of vector lattices of sequences that differ from a polynomial (either of bounded or unbounded degree) by a sequence in \(l_p\). Let \(k\in \mathbb N^* = \{0,1,2,\dots\}\) and \(p\in [0,\infty]\), then {\parindent6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \( p_p(k)\) consists of all real sequences \((a_n)\) such that there exists a polynomial \(p\) of degree at most \(k\) such that \((a_n - p(n)) \in l_p\). \item[(2)] \( p_ p = \bigcup_{k=1}^\infty p_p(k)\). \end{itemize}} It is shown that, for all \(k\in \mathbb N^*\) and \(p\in [0,\infty]\), \( p_p(k)\) and \( p_ p\) are vector lattices under pointwise order. For Banach lattices, as well as for other topological vector lattices, the topological and order duals coincide. This turns out not to be the case here, although for all \(k\in \mathbb N^*\) and \(p\in [0,\infty]\), every regular linear functional on any of the spaces \( p_p(k)\) or \( p_ p\) is continuous. Various duals of \( p_p(k)\) spaces are identified. For example, if \(f\) is an order continuous linear functional on \( p_p(k)\), then there exists a sequence \((a_n)\) with \((n^ka_n)\in l_1\) such that \(f = \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_nx_n\) for all \(x\in p_p(k)\). Conversely, every such sequence \((a_n)\) defines an order continuous linear functional. In the final part of the paper, orthomorphisms and centres of these sequence spaces are characterized. For example, if \(p\in \{0\}\cup (1,\infty]\) and \(k\in \mathbb N^*\), then the centre of \( p_p(k)\), \(Z( p_p(k))\), coincides with Orth\(( p_p(k))\), and may be identified with the space of all sequences \((z_n)\) such that \((n^kz_n)\in p_p(k)\) under the action \( (a_n) \rightarrow (a_nz_n)\). The description of the centres of \( p_ p\) are also interesting. If \(p\in [0,\infty]\), then the following are equivalent for a sequence \(z= (z_n)\): {\parindent6.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(z\in \text{Orth}( p_p(k))\); \item[(2)] \(z\in Z( p_p(k))\); \item[(3)] \(z\in \bigcap _{k=1}^\infty Z( p_p(k))\). \end{itemize}}