Lagrangian submanifolds in para-Kähler manifolds (Q708700)

A manifold \(\widetilde M\) endowed with an almost product structure \(P\) and a semi-Riemannian metric \(\widetilde g\) such that \(P^ 2=\text{Id}\) and \(\widetilde g(PX,PY)=-\widetilde g(X,Y)\) is called an almost para-Hermitian manifold. If \(\widetilde\nabla P=0\), then \(\widetilde M\) is para-Kähler. Since \(\widetilde\nabla\) preserves \(P\), its holonomy group \(\text{Hol}_ x\) preserves the eigenspace decomposition \(T_ x\widetilde M=T_ x^ +\oplus T_ x^ -\). The parallel eigendistributions \(T^{\pm}\) of \(P\) are \(\widetilde g\)-isotropic integrable distributions. They are Lagrangian distributions with respect to the Kähler form \(\omega=\widetilde g\circ P\), which is parallel and hence closed. Since the leaves of these distributions are totally geodesic submanifolds, a para-Kähler structure can be regarded as a pair of complementary integrable Lagrangian distributions \((T^+,T^-)\) on a symplectic manifold \((M,\omega)\). A space-like submanifold \(M\) of an almost para-Hermitian manifold \((\widetilde M^{2m},\widetilde g,P)\) is totally real if \(P\) maps each tangent space \(T_ xM\) into the corresponding normal space \(T_ x^\perp M\). If \(P\) interchanges each tangent space \(T_ xM\) with its corresponding normal space \(T_ x^\perp M\), then it is called a Lagrangian submanifold. In this paper, the author studies the Lagrangian submanifolds of almost para-Hermitian manifolds. Two general optimal inequalities for Lagrangian submanifolds of the para-Kähler manifold \((\mathbb E^{2n}_ n,\widetilde g_{_ 0},P)\) are obtained. Moreover, the author completely classifies Lagrangian submanifolds which satisfy the equality case of one of the two inequalities. It is shown that if \(M\) is a Lagrangian submanifold of the flat para-Kähler manifold \((\mathbb E^{2n}_ n,\widetilde g_{_ 0},P)\), then \(\tau\geq \frac{n^ 2(n-1)}{2(n+2)}\langle H,H\rangle\) and \(\text{Ric}(X)\geq\frac{n(n-1)}{4}\langle H,H\rangle\) for any unit tangent vector \(X\), where \(\tau\) is the scalar curvature, and \(H\) is the mean curvature vector.