Riemann rearrangement theorem for some types of convergence (Q711031)

The authors reexamine the Riemann Rearrangement Theorem for two types of generalized convergence. Namely, for a series \(\sum x_n\) of reals the following two sets are considered: \(RS_{st}(\sum x_n)\) consisting of all sums of statistically convergent rearrangements of \(\sum x_n\), and \(RS_{2}(\sum x_n)\) consisting of all elements of the form \(\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k = 1}^{2n}x_{\pi(k)}\). It is shown that for a statistically convergent series whose statistical sum equals \(a\) exactly four possibilities can happen: (1) \(RS_{st}(\sum x_n) = \{a\}\); (2) \(RS_{st}(\sum x_n) = \{a + \lambda\mathbb Z\} \cup \{- \infty, +\infty\}\) for some \(\lambda \in \mathbb R\); (3) \(RS_{st}(\sum x_n) = \overline{\mathbb R}\); (2) \(RS_{st}(\sum x_n) = \{- \infty, a, +\infty\}\). Surprisingly the description for \(RS_{2}(\sum x_n)\) is involved and highly non-trivial. Namely, if \(\lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{k = 1}^{2n}x_k = a\), then \(RS_{2}(\sum x_n)\) is either (1) \(a + \{c_1 z_1 + \dots + c_l z_l: c_i \in\mathbb Z\), \(\sum_1^l c_k \in 2\mathbb Z\), \(z_i \in E\}\), where \(E\) is a separated set, or (2) the whole \(\mathbb R\), or (3) just \(\{a\}\). A generalization of the first result to some other types of filter convergence can be found in [\textit{A. Leonov}, Visn. Khark. Univ., Ser. Mat. Prykl. Mat. Mekh. 826, No. 58, 134--140 (2008; Zbl 1164.40301)]. For the corresponding results for Cesàro convergence see [\textit{F. Bagemihl} and \textit{P. Erdős}, Acta Math. 92, 35--53 (1954; Zbl 0056.28202)] and [\textit{S. Mazur}, S. Arch. Towarz. Nauk. Lwow 4, 411--424 (1929)]; for other matrix summation methods see [\textit{G. G. Lorentz} and \textit{K. Zeller}, Acta Math. 100, 149--169 (1958; Zbl 0085.04703)].