Qualitative analysis of a SIR epidemic model with saturated treatment rate (Q711516)

A saturated removal rate is incorporated into \textit{H. W. Hethcote}'s SIR epidemiological model [SIAM Rev. 42, No. 4, 599--653 (2000; Zbl 0993.92033)]. Unlike the original model, this model has two endemic equilibria when \(R_{0} < 1\). Furthermore, under some conditions, both the disease free equilibrium and one of the two endemic equilibria are asymptotically stable, i.e., the model has bistable equilibria. Therefore, disease eradication not only depends on \(R_{0}\) but also on the initial sizes of all sub-populations. By the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem, the Poincaré index, the center manifold theorem, the Hopf bifurcation theorem and the Lyapunov-Lasalle theorem, the existence and asymptotical stability of the equilibria and the existence, stability and direction of Hopf bifurcation are discussed, respectively.