Local Floer homology and the action gap (Q711546)

Let \(M\) be a smooth manifold, and let \(p\) be a fixed point of a diffeomorphism \(\phi: M\to M\). The authors call a positive integer \(k\) admissible (with respect to \(p\)) if \(\lambda^k\neq 1\) for all eigenvalues \(\lambda\neq 1\) of \(d\phi_p: T_p M\to T_p M\). Then, it is shown that \(p\) remains as an isolated fixed point of the admissible iterations of \(\phi\) and if \(M\) is symplectic, the local Floer homology groups of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism for admissible iterations are isomorphic to each other up to a shift of degree. Precisely, if \(M\) is symplectic, \(\phi=\phi_H\) is the time-one map of the Hamiltonian time-dependent flow \(\phi^t_H\) generated by a one-periodic in time Hamiltonian \(H\). Let \(\gamma\) be a one-periodic orbit of \(H\). Let \(H^{\sharp k}\) and \(\gamma^k\) be the \(k\)-th iterations of \(H\) and \(\gamma\), respectively. Then the following theorem is proved: Theorem 1.1. If \(\gamma\) is an isolated one-periodic orbit of \(H: S^1\times M\to\mathbb{R}\), then \(\gamma^k\) is also an isolated one-periodic orbit of \(H^{\sharp k}\) if \(k\) is admissible, and we have \[ HF_{*+ s_k}(H^{\sharp k},\gamma^k)= HF_*(H,\gamma), \] for some \(s_k\). Furthermore, \(\lim_{k\to\infty}{s_k\over k}= \Delta_H(\gamma)\), the mean index. Here, \(HF_*(H,\gamma)\) means the local Floer homology of \(H\) and \(\gamma\). If \(\gamma: S^1\to M\) is a contractible map, then the action \(A_H(\gamma)\) of \(H\) on \(\gamma\) is given by \[ A_H(\gamma)= -\int_z \omega+ \sin_{S^1} H_t(\gamma(t))\,dt, \] where \(z: D^2\to M\) is such that \(z|_{S^1}= \gamma\). The minimal action gap for a quasi-arithmetic sequence of admissible iterations of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism with isolated fixed points, is shown to be bounded from above when the ambient manifold is closed and aspherical (a generalization of the Conley conjecture). Precisely, the following theorem is proved: Theorem 1.2. Let \(H: S^1\times M\to\mathbb{R}\) be a Hamiltonian on a closed, symplectically aspherical manifold \(M\) such that all fixed points of \(\phi_H\) are isolated. Then there exist an infinite quasi-arithmetic sequence \(\nu_i\) of admissible iterations of \(\phi_H\), a sequence \(y_i\) of \(\nu_i\)-periodic orbits of \(H\), and a one-periodic orbit \(x\) of \(H\) such that \(\bullet\) \(|A_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(x^{\nu_i})- A_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(y_i)| \leq e_i\), \(\bullet\) \(|\Delta_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(x^{\nu_i})- \Delta_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(y_i)|\leq \delta\), \(\bullet\) \(|A_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(x^{\nu_i})- A_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(y_i)|+ |\Delta_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}}(x^{\nu_i})- \Delta_{H^{\sharp\nu_i}} (y_i)|> 0\) for some constants \(e_i\) and \(\delta\) independent of \(i\). Furthermore, any infinite quasi-arithmetic sequence of admissible iterations contains a quasi-arithmetic subsequence \(\nu_i\) with these properties. The definitions and properties of Morse and Floer homology and mean index are given in \S2 mainly following \textit{H. Hofer} and \textit{E. Zehnder} [Symplectic invariants and Hamiltonian dynamics, Birkhäuser Advanced Texts. Basel: Birkhäuser (1994; Zbl 0805.58003)] and \textit{D. Salamon} and \textit{D. Zehnder} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 45, No.~10, 1303--1360 (1992; Zbl 0766.58023)]. Then, following \textit{V. L. Ginzburg} [Ann. Math. (2) 172, No.~2, 1127--1180 (2010; Zbl 1228.53098)], local Floer homology is explained. It is known that Floer homology \(HF_*(H)\) is equal to the Morse homology of \(H\) when \(H\) is autonomous and \(C^2\)-small [\textit{A. Floer}, \textit{H. Hofer} and \textit{D. Salamon}, Duke Math. J. 80, No.~1, 251--292 (1995; Zbl 0846.58025)]. A similar result holds for local Floer homology (Lemma 3.1). Since the problem is local, one can take \(M= \mathbb{R}^{2n}\) and \(\gamma= p= 0\) and Theorem 1.1 is proved in \S4. By assumption, to prove Theorem 1.1, it is sufficient to assume \(H= H_V+ H_W\), where \(V\) and \(W\) are symplectic vector spaces, \(H_V\) and \(H_W\) are Hamiltonians on \(V\) and \(W\), respectively, with flows fixing the origin. The time one-map \(\phi_{H_V}\) of \(H_V\) is non-degenerate and the time one-map \(\phi_{H_W}\) of \(H_W\) is strongly degenerate. The proof of Theorem 1.1 for the non-degenerate case is easy. To prove it in the degenerate case, the generating function \(F\), that is the graph of \(\phi\) can be viewed as the graph of \(dF\) near the origin, is used. \(F\) is determined by the equation \[ \phi(z)- z= X_F(\psi(z)), \] where \(\psi(z)=\) (\(x\)-component of \(\phi(z),y\)). Hence, the generating function \(F_k\) of the \(k\)-th iteration \(\phi^k\) of \(\phi\) is given by the equation \[ \phi^k(z)- z= X_{F_k}(\psi_k(z)),\quad F_k(p)= 0. \] Let \(G_t\) be the homotopy \(tF_k+(1- t)F\) of \(F\) and \(F_k\). Then \(p\) is shown to be a uniformly isolated critical point of \(G_t\). Theorem 1.1 for degenerate cases follows from this fact and Lemma 3.1. In \S5, homological and geometrical properties of symplectically degenerate maxima are studied and the product in \(HF_*(H,\gamma)\) is shown to be nilpotent, \(\gamma(0)\) is not a local symplectically degenerate maximum of the \(\phi_H\) at \(\gamma(0)\) (Prop.5.3). After these preliminaries, Theorem 1.2 is proved separately for the non-degenerate case (\(HF_n(H, x)\neq 0\) and \(\Delta_H(x)> 0)\) and the degenerate case (\(HF_n(H,x)\neq 0\) and \(\Delta_H(x)= 0\)) in \S6. In \S7, the last section, modifying the proof of Theorem 1.1, the following result is proved: Proposition 1.1. Let \(p\in M\) be an isolated fixed point of a \(C^1\)-smooth diffeomorphism \(\phi: M\to M\). Then \(p\) is also an isolated fixed point of \(\phi^k\) for every admissible \(k\).