Topological groups and \(P^-_{\kappa ^+}\)-points (Q712198)

The paper prolongs a chain of \(P\)-point theorems for topological groups. The initial and basic theorem was proved in [\textit{I. V. Protasov}, Mat. Stud. 3, 15--28 (1994; Zbl 0927.22009)]: if there exists a maximal topological group then there exists a \(P\)-point in \(\omega^*\). Let \(\kappa\) be a cardinal. A uniform ultrafilter \(p\) on \(\kappa\) is called a \(P_{\kappa^+}^-\)-point if for every decreasing sequence \((A_\alpha)_{\alpha<\kappa}\) of members of \(p\), there exists \(A\in p\) such that \(|A\setminus A_\alpha|<\kappa\) for all \(\alpha<\kappa\). Leaving open (or ignoring?) the question whether and where these monsters can live for \(\kappa>\omega\), the authors prove some \(P_{\kappa^+}^-\)-theorems for special extremally disconnected topological groups. As a motivation, the reader is referred to [\textit{A. V. Arhangelskii}, Sov. Math., Dokl. 8, 897--900 (1967); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 175, 751--754 (1967; Zbl 0153.52202)]. But it should be mentioned that Arhangelskii asked about countable extremally disconnected groups. For the naive ZFC-topologists, here is a simple example (Corollary 1.6) of a maximally nondiscrete topological group with non-closed discrete subset answering Question 5.2.3 from [\textit{I. Protasov} and \textit{E. Zelenyuk}, Topologies on groups determined by sequences. Mathematical Studies Monograph Series. 4. Lviv: VNTL Publishers (1999; Zbl 0977.54029)].