Grothendieck quasitoposes (Q713289)

A \textit{quasitopos} [\textit{J. Penon}, Cah. Topol. Géom. Différ. 18, 181--218 (1977; Zbl 0401.18002)] is a generalization of the notion of elementary topos: a (locally small) category \(\mathcal E\) is a quasitopos if it has finite limits and colimits, is locally Cartesian closed and each comma category \(\mathcal E / a\) has a classifier for \textit{strong} subobjects. A quasitopos is not, in general, a balanced category; some categories of differentiable spaces [\textit{J. C. Baez} and \textit{A. E. Hoffnung}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 363, No. 11, 5789--5825 (2011; Zbl 1237.58006)] are examples of this concept. A Grothendieck topos \(\mathcal G\) is usually defined as a category equivalent to \(\mathrm{Sh}(\mathcal C, j)\) for some small category \(\mathcal C\) and a Grothendieck topology \(j\) on \(\mathcal C\). Many characterizations of this notion are known: (i) \(\mathcal G\) satisfies the `Giraud conditions'; (ii) \(\mathcal G\) is a category (equivalent to) a localization of a presheaf category \([{\mathcal C}^{\mathrm{op}},\mathrm{Set}]\) (i.e., \(\mathcal G\) is equivalent to a full reflective subcategory \(\mathcal S \;\rightleftarrows\mathrm{Psh}({\mathcal C})\) such that the left adjoint also preserves finite limits); (iii) \(\mathcal G\) is a locally presentable elementary topos. In [\textit{F. Borceux} and \textit{M. C. Pedicchio}, J. Algebra 139, No. 2, 505--526 (1991; Zbl 0737.18003)] the notion of \textit{Grothendieck quasitopos} was introduced: it is a category equivalent to \(\mathrm{Sh}(j) \cap\mathrm{Sep}(k)\) for topologies \(j \subseteq k\) on a small category \(\mathcal C\). There are various possible characterizations of Grothendieck quasitoposes analogous to the Grothendieck toposes case; for instance, the condition (iii) above can be generalized: the Grothendieck quasitoposes are precisely the locally presentable quasitoposes. The main result of the present paper provides a generalization of the condition (ii): Grothendieck quasitoposes are precisely the categories equivalent to some reflective full subcategory of a presheaf category \(\mathcal S \;\hookrightarrow \;[{\mathcal C}^{\mathrm{op}},\mathrm{Set}]\) such that the left adjoint \(L\) preserves monomorphisms and all the induced reflections on slices categories \(L_X:\mathrm{Psh}(\mathcal C) / X \rightarrow {\mathcal S}/X\) preserve finite products. The paper also introduces and presents characterizations of the notion of \textit{subquasitopos}: that expands the previous result.