Mathematical analysis of a HIV model with quadratic logistic growth term (Q713374)

The authors study a model for HIV-host interaction described by the system of three first-order differential equations \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{dT}{dt} & =\alpha-\mu_{T}T+rT\left( 1-\frac{T}{T_{\max}}\right) -\gamma VT,\\ \frac{dI}{dt} & =\gamma VT-\mu_{I}I,\\ \frac{dV}{dt} & =N\mu_{I}I-\mu_{V}V, \end{aligned} \] where \(T\) stands for the concentration of uninfected \(\mathrm{CD}4^{+}\) T cells, \(I\) is the concentration of infected \(\mathrm{CD}4^{+}\) cells, \(V\) denotes the concentration of free virus particles, \(\alpha\), \(\gamma\), \(\mu_{T}\), \(\mu_{I}\), \(\mu_{V}\) are certain parameters, \(N\) is the total number of virions produced by one infected cell, and \(r\) is the logistic growth rate. It is shown that there are two regions \(\left( \mathcal{I}\right) \) and \(\left( \mathcal{P}\right) \) where equilibria corresponding to the infected state are, respectively, asymptotically stable and unstable. In the region \(\left( \mathcal{P}\right)\), all three functions \(T\), \(I\) and \(V\) oscillate. Existence of periodic solutions and Hopf bifurcations are investigated using a combination of different techniques including asymptotic analysis. In the final part of the paper, numerical results are presented.