Moduli of unipotent representations. I: Foundational topics (Q714927)

Let \(G\) be a unipotent group over a field \(k\) of characteristic zero. For any positive integer \(n\), the stack \(\mathcal{M}_{n}\left( G\right) \) of \(n\)-dimensional representations of \(G\) is ill-behaved: for example, for many \(G\) it is not algebraic, and its diagonal is a group of positive dimension whose fibers are unpredictable (in that, the dimensions of the fibers can change). The purpose of the work under review is to introduce a substack of \(\mathcal{M}_{n}\left( G\right) \) which is well behaved. As finite-dimensional representations of \(G\) correspond to nilpotent representations of its Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g},\) much of the work in the construction of the substack is in terms of Lie algebras\(.\) Let \(\mathcal{M} _{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) \) be the stack of \(n\)-dimensional nondegenerate nilpotent representations of \(\mathfrak{g}.\) It is proved that the presheaf associated to \(\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{g} \right) \) with respect to the fppf topology, \(\pi_{0}^{\text{fppf} }\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) ,\) is an algebraic space. This space \(M_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) :=\) \(\pi _{0}^{\text{fppf}}\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) \) is called the moduli space of \(n\)-dimensional nilpotent representations. It is functorial in the sense that a surjection \(\mathfrak{f\twoheadrightarrow g}\) between two Lie algebras satisfying a compatibility condition involving automorphism groups of nondegenerate representations gives rise to a closed immersion \(M_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) \hookrightarrow M_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \mathfrak{f}\right) .\) As one would expect, the substack mentioned above is defined by \(\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( G\right) =\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{nd}}\left( \text{Lie}\left( G\right) \right)\). An additional construction is the substack of framed nondegenerate nilpotent representations. To do this, the author lets \(\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{fnd} }\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) \) be the stack of \(n\)-dimensional framed nondegenerate nilpotent representations. It is then shown that \(M_{n} ^{\text{fnd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) :=\) \(\pi_{0}^{\text{fppf} }\mathcal{M}_{n}^{\text{fnd}}\left( \mathfrak{g}\right) \) is algebraic. As stated above, it is well-known that the correspondence \(G\mapsto \)Lie\(\left( G\right) \) is an equivalence between unipotent groups and nilpotent Lie algebras, and furthermore Lie(--) induces an isomorphism between finite dimensional representations of \(G\) and finite dimensional nilpotent representations of Lie\(\left( G\right) .\) In the final section, the author extends this correspondence, from quasi-coherent representations of \(G\) to locally nilpotent quasi-coherent representations of Lie\(\left( G\right)\).