Cluster algebras and triangulated orbifolds (Q715223)

The authors continue the investigation of cluster algebras of finite mutation type. In [\textit{A. Felikson}, \textit{M. Shapiro} and \textit{P. Tumarkin}, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 14, No. 4, 1135--1180 (2012; Zbl 1262.13038)], the authors classified all the skew-symmetric exchange matrices with finite mutation class. It occurs that all but eleven exceptional mutation classes of skew-symmetric exchange matrices of rank at least \(3\) can be obtained from triangulated marked bordered surfaces via construction provided in [\textit{S. Fomin}, \textit{M. Shapiro} and \textit{D. Thurston}, Acta Math. 201, No. 1, 83--146 (2008; Zbl 1263.13023)]. In [\textit{A. Felikson}, \textit{M. Shapiro} and \textit{P. Tumarkin}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2012, No. 8, 1768--1804 (2012; Zbl 1283.13020)], the authors completed classification of finite mutation classes of exchange matrices by extending the combinatorial technique of [\textit{S. Fomin}, \textit{M. Shapiro} and \textit{D. Thurston}, Acta Math. 201, No. 1, 83--146 (2008; Zbl 1263.13023)] to general (i.e., skew-symmetrizable) case. All but several exceptional finite mutation classes consist of so called s-decomposable exchange matrices. In this paper, the authors relate non-exceptional mutation-finite cluster algebras to triangulated orbifolds. Extending the technique in [\textit{S. Fomin} and \textit{D. Thurston}, ``Cluster algebras and triangulated surfaces. Part II: Lambda lengths'', \url{arXiv:1210.5569}] to skew-symmetrizable case, they construct geometric realizations for algebras with s-decomposable exchange matrices. In these realizations, (tagged) triangulations of certain orbifolds form clusters with (modified) lambda lengths of arcs serving as cluster variables. Geometric realization provides various structural results, for example, they prove that the exchange graph in a cluster algebra with s-decomposable exchange matrices does not depend on coefficients. One of the tools of [\textit{A. Felikson}, \textit{M. Shapiro} and \textit{P. Tumarkin}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2012, No. 8, 1768--1804 (2012; Zbl 1283.13020)] was a notion of unfolding introduced by Zelevinsky. In particular, the authors construct unfoldings for a class of mutation-finite matrices. In this paper, they provide a geometric version of unfolding, and construct unfoldings for almost all mutation-finite matrices. They then use unfoldings to compute the growth rate of all cluster algebras originating from orbifolds, and a generalization of positivity results in [\textit{G. Musiker}, \textit{R. Schiffler} and \textit{L. Williams}, Adv. Math. 227, No. 6, 2241--2308 (2011; Zbl 1331.13017)] to Laurent expansions of corresponding cluster variables. A proof of sign-coherence for {\textbf{c}}-vectors in this paper is worth mentioning. In [Compos. Math. 143, No. 1, 112--164 (2007; Zbl 1127.16023)], \textit{S. Fomin} and \textit{A. Zelevinsky} conjectured that all the entries of {\textbf{c}}-vectors are either nonnegative or nonpositive. This conjecture was proved for skew-symmetric cluster algebras by \textit{H. Derksen}, \textit{J. Weyman} and \textit{A. Zelevinsky} in [J. Am. Math. Soc. 23, No. 3, 749--790 (2010; Zbl 1208.16017)], and for a large class of skew-symmetrizable algebras by Demonet in a recent preprint. The authors extend the list of algebras for which the conjecture holds by proving sign-coherence for {\textbf{c}}-vectors for all algebras originating from orbifolds.