\(g\)-functions and some related spaces (Q715649)

The notion of \(g\)-functions, which was introduced by \textit{R. W. Heath} in [Pac. J. Math. 12, 1301--1319 (1962; Zbl 0113.16501)], using standard matrix analysis and some counting arguments, is a useful tool in defining new classes of generalized metric spaces and plays an important role in the metrizability of topological spaces. In this paper, the author presents some criteria for the metrizability of a topological space in terms of \(g\)-functions. The author proves that a \(T_{0}\) space \(X\) is metrizable if and only if there is a \(g\)-function \(g\) for \(X\) satisfiying the following conditions: (1) if \(y\in g(n,x)\), then \(g(n,y)\subset g(n,x)\); (2) if \(g(n,x)\cap g(n,x_{n})\neq 0\) for all \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), then \(x\) is a cluster point of \( \langle x_{n} \rangle\). Then, the author gives characterizations of some generalized metric spaces which are different from those in the literature. The author shows that for a space \(X\), the following are equivalent: (1) \(X\) is a regular \(\gamma\)-space; (2) there is a \(g\)-function \(g\) for \(X\) such that if \(x\notin F\) with \(F\) closed and \(x_{n}\rightarrow x\), then for each \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) there is \(m\geq n\) such that \(F\cap \overline{g(m,x_{m})}=\emptyset\); (3) there is a \(g\)-function \(g\) for \(X\) such that for each closed subset \(F\subset X\) and \(K\in C(X)\) with \(F\cap K=\emptyset\), there exists \(m\in \mathbb{N}\) such that \(F\cap \overline{g(m,K)}=\emptyset\). Moreover, the author proves that \(X\) is a Moore space (i.e. a regular developable space) if and only if there is a there is a \(g\)-function \(g\) for \(X\) such that if \(\{x,x_{n} \}\subset \overline{g(n,y_{n}})\) for all \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), then \(x\) is a cluster point of \( \langle x_{n} \rangle\).