One of Berkeley's arguments on compensating errors in the calculus (Q716158)

Berkeley, known in mathematics as a critic of the foundations of the calculus of Leibniz and Newton, argued in \textit{The Analyst} (1734) that a reason the calculus produced true results was that two errors cancelled each other out. Though Berkeley's claim is well-known in the historical literature, the author provides a more detailed mathematical analysis of his reasoning than has occurred before. The analysis also reveals how Berkeley was unclear in his own writing as to whether he regarded Leibniz's differentials as infinitesimals or finite quantities. Lazare Carnot offered his own ``compensating errors'' critique, presented later in the eighteenth century, and it is argued here that his work is essentially different from that of Berkeley and not a continuation.