Global solutions to the ultra-relativistic Euler equations (Q717114)

The author considers the 1D relativistic compressible Euler system \[ U_t+F(U)_x=0, \tag{1} \] where \[ \begin{aligned} U&=\left(\frac{n}{\sqrt{1-v^2}}, \frac{(\rho+p)v}{\sqrt{1-v^2}}, \frac{(\rho+p)v^2}{\sqrt{1-v^2}}+\rho\right)\\ \text{and} F(U)&=\left(\frac{nv}{\sqrt{1-v^2}}, \frac{(\rho+p)v^2}{\sqrt{1-v^2}}+p, \frac{(\rho+p)v}{\sqrt{1-v^2}}+\rho\right).\end{aligned} \] The unknowns are \(v\), the velocity in a fixed Lorentz frame; \(p=a^2\rho\), the pressure; and \(n\), the particle number. If \(\varepsilon\) denotes the kinetic energy, \(\rho\equiv n(m_0+\varepsilon)\) is the proper energy density for particles of rest mass \(m_0\) and \(\varepsilon\) is related to the entropy \(S\) through the state relation \(\varepsilon(n,S)=A(S)n^{\gamma-1}\) for \(1<\gamma<2\) and a function \(s\rightarrow A(s)\in C^1({\mathbb R}^+)\) positive and strictly increasing. The result of the paper is the following Theorem. Let \(\rho_0(x)>0\), \(|v_0(x)|<1\) and \(S_0(x)>0\) be initial data for (1) and \(\Sigma=\log A(S)\). Suppose that \[ TV\left\{\Sigma_0\right\}<\infty, \quad TV\left\{\log \rho_0\right\}<\infty \quad\text{and } TV\left\{\log \;\frac{1+v_0}{1-v_0}\right\}<\infty. \] There exists a bounded weak solution of the Cauchy problem for (1) such that \[ TV\left\{\Sigma(\cdot,t)\right\}<N, \quad TV\left\{\log \rho(\cdot,t)\right\}<N \quad\text{and } TV\left\{\log \;\frac{1+v(\cdot,t)}{1-v(\cdot,t)}\right\}<N, \] where \(N\) depends only on the data. The proof relies on the analysis of the Riemann problem associated to (1) and suitable wave interaction estimates allowing to use Glimm's scheme.