The closed span of an exponential system in the Banach spaces \(L^p(\gamma, \beta)\) and \(C[\gamma, \beta]\) (Q719367)

Let \(\lambda_n\) be a sequence of complex numbers diverging to infinity, \(\lambda_n\neq\lambda_k\) for \(n\leq k\), and \(|\lambda_n|\) in increasing order, and let \(\lambda_n\) appear \(\mu_n\) times. Then \(\Lambda= \{\lambda_n,\mu_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is called a multiplicity sequence, and \(E_\Lambda= \{x^k e^{\lambda_nx}: k= 0,1,2,\dots, \mu_{n-1}\}^\infty_{n=1}\) the associated exponential sequence. Let \(\mathrm{span}(E_\lambda)\) be the collection of all finite linear combinations of \(E_\Lambda\). Finally, let \(C[\gamma,\beta]\) be the usual Banach space of complex-valued continuous functions on \([\gamma,\beta]\), \(-\infty<\gamma<\beta<\infty\) in the sup-norm, and \(L^p(\gamma,\beta)\) be the Banach space of complex-measurable functions on \((\gamma,\beta)\) such that \(\int^\beta_\gamma |f(+1)|^p dt< \infty\) for \(p\geq 1\). The goal of the paper is to characterize the closed span of \(E_\Lambda\) in the above spaces under certain conditions on \(\Lambda\). Two preliminary conditions are that \(\sup|\arg\lambda_n|< \pi/2\) and \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} {\mu_n\over |\lambda_n|}< \infty\); further conditions involve the definition of a special class called \(U_n\) (see the article for a definition). The main result is that under all these conditions the closed span of \(E_1\) is the subspace of functions which admit a Taylor-Dirichlet representation \[ \sum^\infty_{n=1} \left(\sum^{\mu_n-1}_{k=0} c_{n,k} x^k\right) e^{\lambda_nx}, \] where \(c_{n,k}\in \mathbb{C}\) and \(x\in[\gamma,\beta)\). This work originated as a generalization of similar results of Clark, Erdős and Schwartz, which in turn stemmed from considerations of the classical Müntz-Szász theorem.