Thin-type dense sets and related properties (Q719526)

The first part (section 2) of this paper concerns the following properties: Let \(X = \prod_{\alpha < \lambda}X_{\alpha}\) be a product space. A cross section is given by \(C(\nu) = \{x \in X: x\upharpoonright K = \nu\}\) where \(K\) is a fixed subset of \(\lambda\) and \(\nu\) is a fixed element of \(\prod_{\alpha \in K}X_{\alpha}\). Let \(D \subseteq X\). \(D\) is thin iff any two distinct elements of \(D\) disagree on more than one factor; \(D\) is very thin iff any two distinct elements of \(D\) disagree on all factors. \(D\) is slim iff \(D \cap C(\nu)\) is nowhere dense in every cross section \(C(\nu)\). The main question about these properties is: what are the minimal sizes of dense sets with these properties? In particular, must it be \(d(X)\)? Some of the results are: There is a separable space whose square (necessarily separable) has a very thin dense subset but not a countable one. Under CH there is a separable space whose square does not have a countable slim dense subset. The second part (section 3) of this paper concerns the following properties: Given any space \(X\) the property (NC) says that there is a pairwise disjoint collection of nowhere dense sets \(\mathcal N\) so that if \(\mathcal U\) is a finite collection of nonempty open sets, some \(N \in \mathcal N\) meets every \(U \in \mathcal U\). The property (GC) says that there is a pairwise disjoint collection of nowhere dense sets \(\mathcal N\) so that every nonempty open set meets all but finitely many \(N \in \mathcal N\). Some of the results are: There is a space satisfying (GC) in which no collection of finite or countable sets can witness (GC). If \(X\) has a dense metrizable subspace without isolated points, it satisfies (GC); but there is a LOTS satisfying (GC) which does not have a dense metrizable subspace. A GO-space with no isolated points satisfies (GC) iff it has a \(\sigma\)-disjoint \(\pi\)-base. There is a LOTS which does not satisfy (NC) The authors also give a characterization of when the topological sum of two strongly irresolvable spaces, each of which satisfies (NC), also satisfies (NC), as follows: Suppose \(\mathcal N\) witnesses (NC) for \(X\). Define \(\mathcal F_{\mathcal N} = \{\mathcal M \subseteq \mathcal N: \mathcal M\) witnesses (NC) for \(X\}\). \textbf{Theorem}. Suppose \(X, Y\) are strongly irresolvable spaces satisfying (NC). \(X \oplus Y\) satisfies (NC) iff there are \(\mathcal N_X, \mathcal N_Y\) witnessing (NC) in \(X, Y\) respectively, and a function \(f: \mathcal N_X \rightarrow \mathcal N_Y\) so that if \(\mathcal M \in \mathcal F_{\mathcal N_X}\) then \(f[\mathcal M] \in \mathcal F_{\mathcal N_Y}\) and if \(\mathcal M \in \mathcal F_{\mathcal N_Y}\) then \(f^{\leftarrow}[\mathcal M] \in \mathcal F_{\mathcal N_X}\). Section 4 relatives \textit{thin} to \(<\kappa\)-\textit{thin} (any two elements of \(D\) agree on fewer than \(\kappa\) points), proving a number of theorems about when product spaces have \(< \kappa\)-thin dense sets, Section 5 relativizes (NC) to (NC\(_{k}\)) (where the \(\mathcal U\) of (NC) is restricted to size \(\leq k\)), introduces the notion of \textit{superslim} (\(D\) is \textit{superslim} iff every cross-section of \(D\) is finite) and brings these concepts together by proving that if \(X\) satisfies (NC\(_k\)) witnessed by a collection of finite sets then \(X^k\) has a superslim dense set, and if \(X^k\) has a countable superslim dense set, then \(X\) satisfies (NC\(_k\)) witnessed by a countable collection of finite sets.