The Tate-Shafarevich group for elliptic curves with complex multiplication. II (Q720021)

Let \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication and let \(K\) be the imaginary quadratic field such that \(\mathrm{End}_K(E)=\mathcal{O}_K\) (the ring of integers of \(K\)). The paper deals with the \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-corank \(t_{E,p}\) of the \(p\)-part of the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(E\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\), and the main theorem proves that, for all \(\varepsilon> 0\), and all sufficiently large primes \(p\) where \(E\) has good reduction, \[ t_{E,p} \leq \left(\frac{1}{2}+\varepsilon\right)p-\text{rk}(E(\mathbb{Q})) \;. \] This result improves the bound of Theorem 1.1 of \textit{J. H. Coates} et al. [J. Algebra 322, No. 3, 657--674 (2009; Zbl 1239.11069)] and is obtained basically with the same techniques plus a new lower bound on the divisibility of special values of \(L\)-functions. Namely, let \(\psi_E\) be the Grössencharacter of \(E\) over \(K\), let \(\mathfrak{f}\) be its conductor and \(L_{\mathfrak{f}}(\overline{\psi}_E^n,s)\) (\(s\in\mathbb{C}\), \(n\geq 1\)) the associated \(L\)-function. Let \(\Omega_\infty\) be an \(\mathcal{O}_K\)-generator for the period lattice of the Néron differential of \(E\), then, using a crucial divisibility result on formal groups due to \textit{N. M. Katz} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 28, 667--678 (1981; Zbl 0559.14032)], the authors prove that \[ \mathrm{ord}_q((n-1)!\,\Omega_\infty^{-n}L_{\mathfrak{f}} (\overline{\psi}_E^n,n)) \geq \left[ \frac{nq}{q^2-1} \right] -1 \] (\(q\) an odd prime inert in \(K\), \(n\geq 3\) and \(n\not\equiv q+1 \pmod{q^2-1}\), \([a]\) denotes the integer part of \(a\)). Let \(p\) be an odd prime which splits in \(K\) (i.e., \(p\mathcal{O}_K=\mathfrak{p}\mathfrak{p}^*\,\)) and is of good reduction for \(E\), let \[ \mathcal{P}(p):= \prod_{\substack{ q\leq p, \text{ \(q\) inert in \(K\)}\\ \text{of good red. for \(E\)} }} q^{\left[ \frac{pq}{q^2-1} \right] -1}, \] then the formula above yields that \[ \xi(p):=\frac{c^p(p-1)! \,\Omega_\infty^{-p}L_{\mathfrak{f}} (\overline{\psi}_E^p,p)}{\mathcal{P}(p)} \] is a nonzero algebraic integer in \(K\) (for some positive integer \(c\)). Some estimates on \(\mathcal{P}(p)\) and an application of Iwasawa Main Conjecture (detailed in Theorem 2.1 of J.H. Coates, et al. [loc. cit.] show that, for any \(\varepsilon >0\), \[ p^{-(1+\varepsilon)p} \leq |\xi(p)|_{\mathfrak{p}}\, |\xi(p)|_{\mathfrak{p}^*} \leq p^{-2(\text{rk}(E(\mathbb{Q}))+t_{E,p})} \] and the main theorem is proved. The final section is devoted to computations of Tate-Shafarevich groups for curves \(y^2=x^3-Dx\) (with CM by \(\mathbb{Q}(i)\,\)). Using some reduction steps in Galois theory, the authors are able to improve the results (and correct the tables) of J. H. Coates et al. [loc. cit.] for \(D\in\{ -39,-34,-33,-14,17,82\}\) showing that the \(p\)-parts of the Tate-Shafarevich groups are 0 for \(p\equiv 1\pmod{4}\), \(p<30000\) except for the 5 pairs \[ (p,D)\in \{(41,82),\,(29,-14),\,(277,-14),\,(577,-34),\,(17,-39)\}. \]