Wrong way maps in uniformly finite homology and homology of groups (Q721981)
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English | Wrong way maps in uniformly finite homology and homology of groups |
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Wrong way maps in uniformly finite homology and homology of groups (English)
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20 July 2018
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Let \(X\) be a metric space and \(A\) be a normed abelian group. A uniformly locally finite \(n\)-chain with values in \(A\) is a formal sum \(\sum\limits _{\alpha \in I} a_{\alpha} \sigma _{\alpha}\) with \(a_{\alpha} \in A\), \(\sup\limits _{\alpha \in A} |a_{\alpha}| < \infty\) and continuous maps \(\sigma _{\alpha} : \Delta ^n \rightarrow X\), which form an equicontinuous family \(\{ \sigma _{\alpha} \} _{\alpha \in I}\). Moreover, for any \(r > 0\) one requires the existence of \(K_r < \infty\), such that for all \(x \in X\) the ball \(B_r (x)\) with center \(x\) and radius \(r\) intersects at most \(K_r\) simplices \(\sigma _{\alpha}\). The homology groups of the uniformly locally finite chain complex \(C_* ^{\text{ulf}} (X)\) with respect to the usual boundary operator are called uniformly locally finite homologies of \(X\) and denoted by \(H_* ^{\text{ulf}} (X)\). Viewing the points \(\overline{x} = ( x_0, x_1, \ldots , x_n) \in X^{n+1}\) as vertices of an \(n\)-simplex in \(X\), one defines the uniformly finite \(n\)-chains on \(X\) with values in \(A\) as the formal sums \(\xi = \sum\limits _{\overline{x} \in X^{n+1}} \, a _{\overline{x}} \overline{x}\) with \(a_{\overline{x}} \in A\), \(\sup\limits _{\overline{x} \in X^{n+1}} | a_{\overline{x}}| < \infty\), for which there exists \(R >0\) with \(a_{\overline{x}} =0\) whenever the diagonal \(\Delta \subset X^{n+1}\) is at a distance \(d ( \overline{x}, \Delta) > R\) from \(\overline{x}\). By definition, one assumes also that for any \(r > 0\) there exists \(K_r < \infty\), such that the set \(\{ \overline{x} \in B_r ( \overline{y}) \, | \, a_{\overline{x}} \neq 0 \}\) is of cardinality strictly less than \(K_r\) for all \(\overline{y} \in X^{n+1}\). The homology groups of the uniformly finite chain complex \(C_* ^{\text{uf}} (X)\) with respect to the usual boundary operator are called uniformly finite homologies of \(X\) and are denoted by \(H_* ^{\text{uf}} (X)\). Associating to a simplex \(\sigma : \Delta ^n \rightarrow X\) the ordered \((n+1)\)-tuple \(( \sigma (0), \ldots , \sigma (n)) \in X^{n+1}\) of its vertices, one obtains a map \(H_* ^{\text{ulf}} (X) \rightarrow H_* ^{\text{uf}} (X)\). A map \(f : X \rightarrow Y\) of metric spaces is said to be rough if for any \(R > 0\) there exists \(S > 0\) such that \(d(x_1, x_2) < R\) implies \(d ( f ( x_1), f(x_2)) < S\) and \(d ( f(x_1), f(x_2)) < R\) implies \(d(x_1, x_2) < S\). The rough maps are not necessarily continuous. A metric space \(X\) is equicontinuously \(q\)-connected if any equicontinuous family of maps \(f _{\alpha} : S^{i} \rightarrow X\), \(\alpha \in A\) from the unit sphere \(S^{i} \subset {\mathbb R}^{i+1}\), \(i \leq q\) is equicontinuously contractible. Let \(X\) be a subspace of a metric space \(Y\), \(R > 0\) and \(B_R (X)\) be the \(R\)-neighborhood of \(X\) in \(Y\). The homomorphism \(\pi _q (X) \rightarrow \pi _q(Y)\) is called equicontinuously surjective if for any \(R > 0\) and any equicontinuous family of maps \(f_{\alpha} : S^q \rightarrow B_R(X)\), \(\alpha \in A\) there is an equicontinuous family of homotopies from \(f_{\alpha}\) to some \(g_{\alpha} : S^q \rightarrow X\). Let \((M, g)\) be a connected Riemannian manifold and \(N \subset M\) be a connected submanifold with a Riemannian metric \(h\). If \(\text{Id} : (N, d_h) \rightarrow (N, d_g | _{N \times N})\) and \(\text{Id} :(N, d_g | _{N \times N}) \rightarrow (N, d_h)\) are uniformly continuous rough maps then \(N\) is said to be a uniformly locally finite submanifold of \(M\) or, briefly, a ulf-submanifold. The normal bundle \(\mathcal{V}\) of \(N\) to \(M\) is uniformly thick if there exists \(\varepsilon > 0\) such that the exponential map of \(M\) is an embedding of \(\{ v \in \mathcal{V} \, | \, ||v|| < \varepsilon \}\) in \(M\). The main result of the article is a sufficient condition for an existence of a wrong way map \(H_* ^{\text{uf}} (M) \rightarrow H_{* -q} ^{\text{uf}} (N)\) of the uniformly finite homologies of a Riemannian manifold \(M\) into the uniformly finite homologies of a ulf-submanifold \(N \subset M\) of codimension \(q \geq 1\) with a uniformly thick oriented normal bundle. This condition requires the equicontinuous \((q-1)\)-connectedness of \(M\) and the equicontinuity of the surjective homomorphism \(\pi _q (N) \rightarrow \pi _q (M)\). In order to state the topological version of the main theorem, let us denote by \(B \pi _1 (M)\) the classifying space of the principal \(\pi _1 (M)\)-bundles and observe that there is a natural map \(\varphi ^M: M \rightarrow B \pi _1 (M)\), which classifies the universal covering \(\widetilde{M} \rightarrow M\) of \(M\). Suppose that \(M\) is a closed connected manifold and \(N \subset M\) is a connected submanifold of codimension \(q > 1\) with an oriented normal bundle in \(M\) and an injective homomorphism \(\pi _1 (N) \hookrightarrow \pi _1 (M)\) of the fundamental groups. For \(q=2\), let us assume that \(\pi _2 (N) \rightarrow \pi _2 (M)\) is surjective. In the case of \(q > 2\) let \(\pi _i (M)=0\) for \(2 \leq i \leq q-1\) and \(\pi _q (N) \rightarrow \pi _q (M)\) be surjective. Then the main result of the article implies the existence of wrong way maps \(H_* (M) \rightarrow H_{*-q} (N)\), \(H_* ( B \pi _1 (M)) \rightarrow H _{* -q} ( B \pi _1(N))\), which form a commutative diagram with \(\varphi _* ^M: H_*(M) \rightarrow H_* (B \pi _1 (M))\) and \(\varphi ^N_*: H_{*-q} (N) \rightarrow H_{*-q} ( B \pi _1 (N))\). As an immediate application of the main theorem, if \(M \supset N\) are spin manifolds of bounded geometry and \(N\) has a trivial normal bundle in \(M\) then the higher \(\widehat{A}\)-genera of \(M\) map to the higher \(\widehat{A}\)-genera of \(N\). The Strong Novikov Conjecture asserts that if a spin manifold \(M\) admits a metric of positive scalar curvature then the higher \(\widehat{A}\)-genera of \(M\) vanish. Thus, the higher \(\widehat{A}\)-genera of \(N\) can be viewed as an obstruction for the existence of a metric of positive scalar curvature on \(M\). If the fundamental class \([M] \in H_* (M)\) of an oriented manifold \(M\) has non-zero image under \(\varphi _* ^M : H_*(M) \rightarrow H_* (B \pi _1 (M))\) then \(M\) is said to be essential. The construction of the wrong way map \(H_* ^{\text{uf}} (M) \rightarrow H_{*-q} ^{\text{uf}} (N) \) implies that the existence of an orientable essential submanifold \(N\) of \(M\) suffices for \(M\) to be essential.
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uniformly finite homology
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homology of groups
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wrong way maps
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